minimax
crystal
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minimax | crystal | |
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13 | 239 | |
194 | 19,110 | |
- | 0.5% | |
2.9 | 9.8 | |
8 days ago | 7 days ago | |
Verilog | Crystal | |
BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License | Apache License 2.0 |
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minimax
- Is the 6502 a RISC or CISC processor? (2005)
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A Single-Cycle 64-Bit RISC-V Register File
On FPGAs, a register file probably fits better into distributed RAM than block RAM.
On Xilinx, for example: a 64-bit register file doesn't map efficiently to Xilinx's RAMB36 primitives. You'd need 2 RAMB36 primitives to provide a 64-bit wide memory with 1 write port and 2 read ports, each addressed separately. Only 6% (32 of 512) entries in each RAMB36 are ever addressable. It's this inefficient because ports, not memory cells, are the contented resource and BRAMs geometries aren't that elastic.
A 64-bit register file in distributed RAM, conversely, is a something like an array of DPRAM32 primitives (see, for example, UG474). Each register would still be stored multiple times to provide additional ports, but depending on the fabric, there's less (or no) unaddressed storage cells.
The Minimax RISC-V CPU (https://github.com/gsmecher/minimax; advertisement warning: my project) is what you get if you chase efficient mapping of FPGA memory primitives (both register-file and RAM) to a logical conclusion. Whether this is actually worth hyper-optimizing really depends on the application. Usually, it's not.
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Verilator - Do I need to maintain two testbench suits?
I haven't used it on a huge design (I'm usually a VHDL person), but it was a hassle-free replacement for iverilog when regression testing Minimax. Performance is substantially better; compilation times are worse.
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Zylin ZPU: The worlds smallest 32 bit CPU with GCC toolchain
Note that you can't compare LUT4 results (ZPU @ 440 LUTs) against LUT6 results (PicoRV32 @ 750 LUTs). The ZPU is remarkably small, and it's a bigger gap than a direct comparison shows.
SERV is a fair comparison, since it's architected for 4LUTs and I suspect the synthesis results come from iCE40 tools.
I have a contender in the "very small" space, too [1], although I don't claim it's as mature or complete as SERV. (If Minimax was excluded from your post on the basis of insanity, I'm OK with that.)
[1] https://github.com/gsmecher/minimax
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Senior Design Project Ideas?
I develop Minimax (https://github.com/gsmecher/minimax), an open-source RISC-V implementation. It's currently written in both VHDL and Verilog (the two implementations are equivalent, though I am likely to drop the VHDL implementation if it's too much work to keep them both.)
- Compiled and Interpreted Languages: Two Ways of Saying Tomato
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PicoBlaze in Verilog / Vivado
The best point-of-entry for "tiny" MCUs these days is FemtoRV32-Quark or SERV. I also maintain my own small RISC-V core (Minimax), though it's early on in graduating from "experiment" to "real design".
- Show HN: Minimax – A Compressed-First, Microcoded RISC-V CPU
- Minimax: A Compressed-First, Microcoded RISC-V CPU
crystal
- A Language for Humans and Computers
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Top Paying Programming Technologies 2024
27. Crystal - $77,104
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Crystal 1.11.0 Is Released
I like the first code example on https://crystal-lang.org
# A very basic HTTP server
- Is Fortran "A Dead Language"?
- Choosing Go at American Express
- Odin Programming Language
- I Love Ruby
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Ruby 3.3's YJIT: Faster While Using Less Memory
Obviously as an interpreted language, it's never going to be as fast as something like C, Rust, or Go. Traditionally the ruby maintainers have not designed or optimized for pure speed, but that is changing, and the language is definitely faster these days compared to a decade ago.
If you like the ruby syntax/language but want the speed of a compiled language, it's also worth checking out Crystal[^1]. It's mostly ruby-like in syntax, style, and developer ergonomics.[^2] Although it's an entirely different language. Also a tiny community.
[1]: https://crystal-lang.org/
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What languages are useful for contribution to the GNOME project.
Crystal is a nice language that's not only simple to read and write but performs very well too. And the documentation is amazing as well.
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Jets: The Ruby Serverless Framework
Ruby is a super fun scripting language. I much prefer it to python when I need something with a little more "ooomph" than bash. It's just...nice...to write in. Ruby performance has come a long way in the last decade as well. There's libraries for pretty much everything.
My modern programming toolkit is basically golang + ruby + bash and I am never left wanting.
I do find Crystal (https://crystal-lang.org/) really interesting and am hoping it has its own "ruby on rails" moment that helps the language reach a tipping point in popularity. All the beauty of ruby with all of the speed of Go (and then some, it often compares favorably to languages like rust in benchmarks).
What are some alternatives?
ZPUFlex - A highly-configurable and compact variant of the ZPU processor core
zig - General-purpose programming language and toolchain for maintaining robust, optimal, and reusable software.
picorv32 - PicoRV32 - A Size-Optimized RISC-V CPU
Nim - Nim is a statically typed compiled systems programming language. It combines successful concepts from mature languages like Python, Ada and Modula. Its design focuses on efficiency, expressiveness, and elegance (in that order of priority).
Artix-7-HDMI-processing - Receiving and processing 1080p HDMI audio and video on the Artix 7 FPGA
go - The Go programming language
sulong - Obsolete repository. Moved to oracle/graal.
Elixir - Elixir is a dynamic, functional language for building scalable and maintainable applications
serv - SERV - The SErial RISC-V CPU
mint-lang - :leaves: A refreshing programming language for the front-end web
riscof
Odin - Odin Programming Language