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Top 23 Python Compiler Projects
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Well, the truth is there's a lot more to JITing than what I wrote in the article, just because JITing didn't fit the vibe of the rest of the article that well.
Anyway, yes theoretically you can. Recently folks creating Codon (https://github.com/exaloop/codon) did it for Python using a cool form of type inference.
That said, I don't think any mainstream JS VMs do it. Most recent work I know in AOT compilation for JS seems to use some profile-guided optimization and not static type inference. For example, look at the architecture at 6:38 and also discussion about types here: https://youtu.be/pVhcyKf3efM?t=469). Something similar seems to be true for the project described here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_T3s6-C38JI
The story seems to be a bit different for hopc: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY1EXHQ6IeQ
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Nuitka
Nuitka is a Python compiler written in Python. It's fully compatible with Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.4-3.13. You feed it your Python app, it does a lot of clever things, and spits out an executable or extension module.
Project mention: Lisp-stat: Lisp environment for statistical computing | news.ycombinator.com | 2025-06-15In my view, the biggest advantages of ahead-of-time compilation is lower binary size, higher performance, and binary portability (in a sense of being able to copy the binary and run it on another system with same architecture and OS, not in the usual sense of being easy to run to a different system architecture or OS).
It is somewhat unknown that Python itself can be compiled, using Nuitka [0] compiler. It still runs Python code, so the performance increase is not as extreme as one would get from rewriting in a fully statically typed code, but the AOT compiled C code is still faster than the interpreter.
[0] https://nuitka.net/
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Have you heard of JIT libraries like numba (https://github.com/numba/numba)? It doesn't work for all python code, but can be helpful for the type of function you gave as an example. There's no need to rewrite anything, just add a decorator to the function. I don't really know how performance compares to C, for example.
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Elixir is just Lisp with a facelift[1], and lisps can be built on Python[2]. It stands to reason that an elixir-like can be built on Python too, so you could embed the Python runtime in Elixir but Elixir-likes are used to code for both.
1: https://wiki.alopex.li/ElixirForCynicalCurmudgeons
2: https://hylang.org/
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Project mention: Uncommon Uses of Python in Commonly Used Libraries | news.ycombinator.com | 2025-07-07
Check out Coconut (https://github.com/evhub/coconut), which implements an entire functional programming language as a Python superset that compiles to Python bytecode.
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cinder
Cinder is Meta's internal performance-oriented production version of CPython. (by facebookincubator)
Project mention: Project Verona: Fearless Concurrency for Python | news.ycombinator.com | 2025-05-18Is anyone familiar with Instagram's cinder?
https://github.com/facebookincubator/cinder
cinder includes changes for immutable module objects. I wonder if the implementation is similar? Or is cinder so old that it would be incompatible with the future noGil direction?
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InfluxDB
InfluxDB – Built for High-Performance Time Series Workloads. InfluxDB 3 OSS is now GA. Transform, enrich, and act on time series data directly in the database. Automate critical tasks and eliminate the need to move data externally. Download now.
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As discussed in a previous post, Neuron Cores are treated as XLA devices and the torch-neuronx Python package implements the PyTorch/XLA API. Consequently, any optimization opportunities provided by the OpenXLA framework, and specifically those offered by the PyTorch/XLA API, can be leveraged on AWS Inferentia and Trainium. In this section we consider a few of these opportunities.
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shedskin
Shed Skin is a restricted-Python-to-C++ compiler. Read the introduction below to learn about the restrictions.
shedskin isn't actively developed ... or at least it wasn't for like 10 years https://github.com/shedskin/shedskin/graphs/contributors
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rickroll-lang
The Rick Roll programming language is a rickroll based, process oriented, dynamic, strong, esoteric programming language. All of the keywords/statements are from Rick Astley's lyrics. Check our tutorial site, https://rick-lang.github.io/programming-language-explainer/
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prometeo
An experimental Python-to-C transpiler and domain specific language for embedded high-performance computing
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* https://bernsteinbear.com/blog/row-poly/
and the repo for the main implementation: https://github.com/tekknolagi/scrapscript
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SaaSHub
SaaSHub - Software Alternatives and Reviews. SaaSHub helps you find the best software and product alternatives
NOTE:
The open source projects on this list are ordered by number of github stars.
The number of mentions indicates repo mentiontions in the last 12 Months or
since we started tracking (Dec 2020).
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Index
What are some of the best open-source Compiler projects in Python? This list will help you:
| # | Project | Stars |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | codon | 15,887 |
| 2 | Nuitka | 13,713 |
| 3 | tvm | 12,573 |
| 4 | Numba | 10,605 |
| 5 | hy | 5,267 |
| 6 | Coconut | 4,245 |
| 7 | cinder | 3,689 |
| 8 | Transcrypt | 2,899 |
| 9 | xla | 2,660 |
| 10 | PeachPy | 2,012 |
| 11 | ShivyC | 1,063 |
| 12 | ModiScript | 1,037 |
| 13 | shedskin | 919 |
| 14 | finn | 859 |
| 15 | nimporter | 845 |
| 16 | rickroll-lang | 764 |
| 17 | Pyverilog | 720 |
| 18 | hidet | 718 |
| 19 | prometeo | 641 |
| 20 | devito | 617 |
| 21 | artiq | 479 |
| 22 | scrapscript | 443 |
| 23 | hissp | 425 |
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