seL4
FrameworkBenchmarks
seL4 | FrameworkBenchmarks | |
---|---|---|
60 | 366 | |
4,549 | 7,391 | |
1.2% | 0.5% | |
9.0 | 9.8 | |
3 days ago | 3 days ago | |
C | Java | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
seL4
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From L3 to seL4 what have we learnt in 20 years of L4 microkernels? [video]
> People like to snob Unix but the fact is: the world runs on Unix.
The world you are aware of runs on it.
> Can we really do that much better or is it just hubris?
Yes. Have a look at seL4[1] and Barrelfish too[2], even though that's no longer active. seL4 in particular is powering a lot of highly secure computing systems. There is a surprisingly large sphere outside of Unix/POSIX.
[1] https://sel4.systems/
[2] https://barrelfish.org/
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On the Costs of Syscalls
There are also RTOS-capable microkernels such as seL4[0], with few but extremely fast syscalls[1]. Note times are in cycles, not usec.
0. https://sel4.systems/
1. https://sel4.systems/About/Performance/
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Can the language of proof assistants be used for general purpose programming?
https://sel4.systems
Working on a number of platforms, verified on some. Multicore support is an ongoing effort afaict.
On OS built on this kernel is still subject to some assumptions (like, hardware working correctly, bootloader doing its job, etc). But mostly those assumptions are less of a problem / easier to prove than the properties of a complex software system.
As I understand it, guarantees that seL4 does provide, go well beyond anything else currently out there.
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How to write TEE/Trusted OS for ARM microcontrollers?
Take a look at this: https://sel4.systems/
- Simulation: KI-Drohne der US Air Force eliminiert Operator für Punktemaximierung
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Paragon Graphite is a Pegasus spyware clone used in the US
It's probably have to be seL4 (https://sel4.systems), running on some fully OSS hardware.
There are question marks over much of available RISC-V chips due to chinese producers, so maybe OpenPower based hardware?
Plus, the entire system (motherboard, etc) would need to be manufactured using a good supply chain.
Hmmm, this has probably all been thought through in depth before by others. :)
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Basic SAT model of x86 instructions using Z3, autogenerated from Intel docs
You can use it to (mostly) validate small snippets are the same. See Alive2 for the application of Z3/formalization of programs as SMT for that [1]. As far as I'm aware there are some problems scaling up to arbitrarily sized programs due to a lack of formalization in higher level languages in addition to computational constraints. With a lot of time and effort it can be done though [2].
1. https://github.com/AliveToolkit/alive2
2. https://sel4.systems/
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What are the current hot topics in type theory and static analysis?
Formal methods. This is not in most general-purpose programming languages and probably never will be (maybe we'll see formal methods to verify unsafe code in Rust...) because it's a ton of boilerplate (you have to help the compiler type-check your code) and also extremely complicated. However, formal methods is very important for proving code secure, such as sel4 (microkernel formally verified to not have bugs or be exploitable) which has just received the ACM Software Systems Award 3 days ago.
- Rust Now Available for Real-Time Operating System and Hypervisor PikeOS
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Amiga and AmigaOS should move to ARM.
Today we'd look at seL4.
FrameworkBenchmarks
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Why choose async/await over threads?
Neat. Thanks for sharing!
Interestingly, may-minihttp is faring very well in the TechEmpower benchmark [1], for whatever those benchmarks are worth. The code is also surprisingly straightforward [2].
[1] https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/
[2] https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...
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Ntex: Powerful, pragmatic, fast framework for composable networking services
ntex was formed after a schism in actix-web and Rust safety/unsafety, with ntex allowing more unsafe code for better performance.
ntex is at the top of the TechEmpower benchmarks, although those benchmarks are not apples-to-apples since each uses its own tricks: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&s...
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A decent VS Code and Ruby on Rails setup
Ruby is slow. Very slow. How much you may ask? https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&s... fastest Ruby entry is at 272th place. Sure, top entries tend to have questionable benchmark-golfing implementations, but it gives you a good primer on the overhead imposed by Ruby.
It is also not early 00s anymore, when you pick an interpreted language, you are not getting "better productivity and tooling". In fact, most interpreted languages lag behind other major languages significantly in the form of JS/TS, Python and Ruby suffering from different woes when it comes to package management and publishing. I would say only TS/JS manages to stand apart with being tolerable, and Python sometimes too by a virtue of its popularity and the amount of information out there whenever you need to troubleshoot.
If you liked Go but felt it being a too verbose to your liking, give .NET a try. I am advocating for it here on HN mostly for fun but it is, in fact, highly underappreciated, considered unsexy and boring while it's anything but after a complete change of trajectory in the last 3-5 years. It is actually the* stack people secretly want but simply don't know about because it is bundled together with Java in the public perception.
*productive CLI tooling, high performance, works well in a really wide range of workloads from low to high level, by far the best ORM across all languages and back-end framework that is easier to work with than Node.JS while consuming 0.1x resources
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The Erlang Ecosystem [video]
Although that seems to have improved in recent years.
https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=json§...
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Ruby 3.3
RoR and whatever C++ based web backend there is count as a valid comparison in my book. But comparing the languages itself is maybe a bit off.
On a side note, you can actually compare their performance here if you’re really curious. But take it with a grain of salt since these are synthetic benchmarks.
https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks
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API: Go, .NET, Rust
Most benchmarks you'll find essentially have someone's thumb on the scale (intentionally or unintentionally). Most people won't know the different languages well enough to create comparable implementations and if you let different people create the implementations, cheating happens. The TechEmpower benchmarks aren't bad, but many implementations put their thumb on the scale (https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks). For example, a lot of the Go implementations avoid the GC by pre-allocating/reusing structs or allocate arrays knowing how big they need to be in advance (despite that being against the rules). At some point, it becomes "how many features have you turned off." Some Go http routers (like fasthttp and those built off it like Atreugo and Fiber) aren't actually correct and a lot of people in the Go community discourage their use, but they certainly top the benchmarks. Gin and Echo are usually the ones that are well-respected in the Go community.
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Rage: Fast web framework compatible with Rails
There is certainly a lot of speculation in Techempower benchmarks and top entries can utilize questionable techniques like simply writing a byte array literal to output stream instead of constructing a response, or (in the past) DB query coalescing to work around inherent limitations of the DB in case of Fortunes or DB quries.
And yet, the fastest Ruby entry is at 274th place while Rails is at 427th.
https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&s...
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Node.js – v20.8.1
oh what machine? with how many workers? doing what?
search for "node" on this page: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r21
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Strong typing, a hill I'm willing to die on
JustJS would like a word https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r20&tes...
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Rust vs Go: A Hands-On Comparison
In terms of RPS, this web service is more-or-less the fortunes benchmark in the techempower benchmarks, once the data hits the cache: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r21
Or, at least, they would be after applying optimizations to them.
In short, both of these would serve more rps than you will likely ever need on even the lowest end virtual machines. The underlying API provider will probably cut you off from querying them before you run out of RPS.
What are some alternatives?
l4v - seL4 specification and proofs
zio-http - A next-generation Scala framework for building scalable, correct, and efficient HTTP clients and servers
fprime - F´ - A flight software and embedded systems framework
drogon - Drogon: A C++14/17 based HTTP web application framework running on Linux/macOS/Unix/Windows [Moved to: https://github.com/drogonframework/drogon]
nomicon - The Dark Arts of Advanced and Unsafe Rust Programming
django-ninja - 💨 Fast, Async-ready, Openapi, type hints based framework for building APIs
CompCert - The CompCert formally-verified C compiler
LiteNetLib - Lite reliable UDP library for Mono and .NET
InitWare - The InitWare Suite of Middleware allows you to manage services and system resources as logical entities called units. Its main component is a service management ("init") system.
C++ REST SDK - The C++ REST SDK is a Microsoft project for cloud-based client-server communication in native code using a modern asynchronous C++ API design. This project aims to help C++ developers connect to and interact with services.
4.4BSD-Lite2 - 4.4BSD Lite Release 2: last Unix operating system from Berkeley
SQLBoiler - Generate a Go ORM tailored to your database schema.