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InfluxDB
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The STB documentation explains what it returns: https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/stb_image.h#L148
There are countless of open source programs that do that, you just have to look over the sources. For example, one of my projects: aromanro/SolarSystem: A solar system simulator with velocity Verlet, using OpenGL for displaying. (github.com)
You can find a example bmp loader with links to the image format documentation here. https://github.com/NXPmicro/gtec-demo-framework/blob/master/DemoFramework/FslGraphics/source/FslGraphics/IO/BMPUtil.cpp