open-watcom-v2 VS abrash-black-book

https://github.com/open-watcom/open-watcom-v2

In terms of ISO-complianceness, perhaps don't expect much. It basically C89 (the C99 support is still incomplete), and for C++... most likely not even C++98 - compliant.

> You will also want to start with a 16-bit C compiler like Borland Turbo C or Microsoft C

The parent post mentioned they're going to use OpenWatcom which is an actively developed[0] C and C++ compiler that targets 16bit DOS (among others).

[0] https://github.com/open-watcom/open-watcom-v2

Despite the lack of feature support, the compiler is still updated to this day, and still does support DOS, Windows, Linux, and OS/2, so it's modern in the sense of maintenance, just not really standards support. If you got further questions, I can send you the Discord link. They are pretty friendly.

My advice is, when you feel you need that challenge, install DOSBox or DOSBox-X and Open Watcom C/C++, DJGPP, or gcc-ia16 and do some retro-programming. You'll also get the fun of being able to do low-level hardware twiddling and rely on DOS being so simple that it's effectively an RTOS.

If you want to build under Linux, I would recommend you look at Open Watcom. It's the best open source 16-bit x86 C compiler, IMHO.

I have recently found out that Watcom C still exists. And not just exists, but there are plenty of commits.

I should note, that OpenWatcom 2.0[1] is far better for supporting more recent C and C++ code, modern hosts and tooling, but still able to compile into 16 bit code. It is also actively maintained. Instead of MASM I recommend JWasm[2] + Jwlink[3]. Back in time I did a fork[4] of JWasm that has cleaner build system (CMake).

[1] https://github.com/open-watcom/open-watcom-v2

[2] https://github.com/Baron-von-Riedesel/JWasm

[3] https://github.com/JWasm/JWlink

[4] https://github.com/JWasm/JWasm

If you want to run this in DOS: the code under src/should actually compile with this OpenWatcom fork via the -za99 flag. MiniFB however will not compile. You'd have to palettize the output pixel buffer to 256 colors and then blit it to 0xa000if you fancy that.

GCC, clang or maybe watcom? You wouldn't find it there (before invention of AGI, but that would be entirely different can of worms).

Michael Abrash's Graphic Programming Black Book

[Michael Abrash's Black Graphics Programming Black Book from 1997 is a fantastic book I wish I had back then. It is available for free on GitHub. I read it maybe in 2015 and I thought it was fantastic even if it is dated now. It goes through the evolution of PC hardware (CPU and graphics cards in particular) from the very first IBM PC to the mid-90's pentiums, and the last chapter or two are about the author's work on Quake.

Also available in eReader formats: https://github.com/jagregory/abrash-black-book/releases

Also look at the source for original Quake (https://github.com/id-Software/Quake), one of the last pure software-rasterizing AAA 3D PC games. Michael Abrash's Graphics Programming Black Book (https://github.com/jagregory/abrash-black-book) explains many of the critical parts of the rendering pipeline.

By the way, quake.exe for DOS was 404,480 bytes.

It's also THICK. I have my copy of the 5th edition right here, and it's about 3 inches from cover to cover. Thicker than Introduction to Algorithms and thicker than the Graphics Programming Black Book.

Read Michael Abrash's Graphics Programming Black Book for the story of how the original Quake came to life. You'll get an appreciation for John Carmack's ability to thoroughly research widely varying solutions to a problem, quickly create production-quality implementations of the promising ones, and even more quickly abandon the dead ends. The result is this almost boring, seemingly linear progression toward a final product that seems obvious in hindsight, yet it represents a leap forward the way Quake did in the mid-1990s compared to other FPSes at the time. I don't know many other public stories of individual engineers who can span both the very cutting edge of research and the practicalities of shipping real commercial software.

https://github.com/jagregory/abrash-black-book

The Abrash black book is on github!

Go through Michael Abrash's Graphics Programming Black Book to see how it used to be on PC world.