NLTK VS Keras

alternatively, could we not simply split by common characters such as newlines and periods, to split it within sentences? it would be fragile with special handling required for numbers with decimal points and probably various other edge cases, though.

there are also Python libraries meant for natural language parsing[0] that could do that task for us. I even see examples on stack overflow[1] that simply split text into sentences.

[0]: https://www.nltk.org/

Check out https://www.nltk.org/ and work through it, it'll give you a foundational understanding of how all this works, but very basically it's just a fancy auto-complete.

NLTK Documentation

If this is True, then you need also Natural Language Toolkit to process the words.

In that case, you should definitely have a look at Python's nltk library which stands for Natural Language Toolkit. They have a rich corpus collection for all kinds of specialized things like grammars, taggers, chunkers, etc.

If not, start with Python's Natural Language Toolkit.

Try https://www.nltk.org it runs you through the basics. The book is here

In terms of programming languages, Python is a great first programming language. the learnpython subreddit has lots of good recommendations for resources to get started. Once you're comfortable with the language, NLTK would be a good place to start, and the docs have heaps of examples. Check it out https://www.nltk.org/

The most popular library to do this is NLTK though I believe you can use some of the popular AI API services today as well. Bloomberg launched one.

Keras

As a beginner, I was looking for something simple and flexible for developing deep learning models and that is when I found Keras. Many AI/ML professionals appreciate Keras for its simplicity and efficiency in prototyping and developing deep learning models, making it a preferred choice, especially for beginners and for projects requiring rapid development.

After setting the variables for the environment, the next step is to install dependencies. To use Gemma, KerasNLP is the dependency used. KerasNLP is a collection of natural language processing (NLP) models implemented in Keras and runnable on JAX, PyTorch, and TensorFlow.

All breaking changes are listed here: https://github.com/keras-team/keras/issues/18467

You can use this migration guide to identify and fix each of these issues (and further, making your code run on JAX or PyTorch): https://keras.io/guides/migrating_to_keras_3/

I'm guessing the "real" keras code is coming from the keras repository. Is that a correct assumption? How does that version of Keras get there? If I wanted to write my own activation layer next to ELU, where exactly would I do that?

Other popular machine learning tools include PyTorch, Keras, and Scikit-learn. PyTorch is an open-source machine learning library developed by Facebook that is known for its ease of use and flexibility. Keras is a high-level neural networks API that is written in Python and is known for its simplicity. Scikit-learn is a machine learning library for Python that is used for data analysis and data mining tasks.

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I'm not aware of anything off-the-shelf, but if you have sufficient programming experience, one way to do this would be to build a large dataset of reference images and pictures and use something like keras to train a convolutional neural network on them.