mypy VS Visual Studio Code

It's got type annotations and mypy has a discussion about it here as well: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1282

There is already an AOT compiler for Python: Nuitka[0]. But I don't think it's much faster.

And then there is mypyc[1] which uses mypy's static type annotations but is only slightly faster.

And various other compilers like Numba and Cython that work with specialized dialects of Python to achieve better results, but then it's not quite Python anymore.

[0] https://nuitka.net/

[1] https://github.com/python/mypy/tree/master/mypyc

In Python there is MyPy that can help with this. https://www.mypy-lang.org/

It's funny you should say this.

Reading this article prompted me to future-proof a program I maintain for fun that deals with time; it had one use of utcnow, which I fixed.

And then I tripped over a runtime type problem in an unrelated area of the code, despite the code being green under "mypy --strict". (and "100% coverage" from tests, except this particular exception only occured in a "# pragma: no-cover" codepath so it wasn't actually covered)

It turns out that because of some core decisions about how datetime objects work, `datetime.date.today() < datetime.datetime.now()` type-checks but gives a TypeError at runtime. Oops. (cause discussed at length in https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/9015 but without action for 3 years)

One solution is apparently to use `datetype` for type annotations (while continuing to use `datetime` objects at runtime): https://github.com/glyph/DateType

PEP 695 is great. I've been using mypy every day at work in last couple years or so with very strict parameters (no any type etc) and I have experience writing real life programs with Rust, Agda, and some Haskell before, so I'm familiar with strict type systems. I'm sure many will disagree with me but these are my very honest opinions as a professional who uses Python types every day:

* Some types are better than no types. I love Python types, and I consider them required. Even if they're not type-checked they're better than no types. If they're type-checked it's even better. If things are typed properly (no any etc) and type-checked that's even better. And so on...

* Having said this, Python's type system as checked by mypy feels like a toy type system. It's very easy to fool it, and you need to be careful so that type-checking actually fails badly formed programs.

* The biggest issue I face are exceptions. Community discussed this many times [1] [2] and the overall consensus is to not check exceptions. I personally disagree as if you have a Python program that's meticulously typed and type-checked exceptions still cause bad states and since Python code uses exceptions liberally, it's pretty easy to accidentally go to a bad state. E.g. in the linked github issue JukkaL (developer) claims checking things like "KeyError" will create too many false positives, I strongly disagree. If a function can realistically raise a "KeyError" the program should be properly written to accept this at some level otherwise something that returns type T but 0.01% of the time raises "KeyError" should actually be typed "Raises[T, KeyError]".

* PEP 695 will help because typing things particularly is very helpful. Often you want to pass bunch of Ts around but since this is impractical some devs resort to passing "dict[str, Any]"s around and thus things type-check but you still get "KeyError" left and right. It's better to have "SomeStructure[T]" types with "T" as your custom data type (whether dataclass, or pydantic, or traditional class) so that type system has more opportunities to reject bad programs.

* Overall, I'm personally very optimistic about the future of types in Python!

[1] https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1773

# is fixed: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/12987.

You probably already know but you can add type hints and then check for consistency with https://github.com/python/mypy in python.

Modern Python with things like https://learnpython.com/blog/python-match-case-statement/ + mypy + Ruff for linting https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff can get pretty good results.

I found typed dataclasses (https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html) in python using mypy to give me really high confidence when building data representations.

It all starts with the editor. Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is my go-to editor. I was using the Insider’s Edition for the longest time, but some extensions would try to log in and redirect to VS Code regular edition, so I decided to go back to it. That said, VS Code Insider's is very stable.

Meanwhile, a developer workflow that does not require access to AWS Management Console may provide a better experience. As a developer, I appreciate having an integrated development environment (IDE) such as Visual Studio Code where I can code, deploy, and test in one place.

Good to know: If you're a Visual Studio Code user, you can enhance your coding experience by installing the ESLint and Prettier extensions. These extensions provide real-time error and warning highlighting, as well as automatic formatting and code fixing on save.

Download any code editor e.g. VS code. Visual Studio code which is a code editor with support for development operations like debugging, task running, and version control. Go to https://code.visualstudio.com

A code editor (VS Code is my go-to IDE), but feel free to use any code editor you're comfortable with.

First, grab your favorite command-line tool, Terminal or Warp, and a code editor, preferably VS Code and let’s begin.

C# is very good as a language, have developed in it for 5+ years. The problem is the gap between what MSFT promises to management and actually delivers to developers. You really really need to fully read the fine print, think of the omissions in documentation and implement a proof-of-concept that almost implements the full solution to find out the hidden gotchas.

For example, even probably their best product VS Code only got reasonable multiple screens support last year: https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/10121#issuecommen...

And then, on the other end of the spectrum, you have Teams.

Hey fellow amazing developers, we got you Essential VS Code Extensions for 2024 (these are especially important for web developers) recommended by our developers at evotik, we wont talk about ESlint nor Prettier which all of you already know.

Visual Studio Code (VS Code): Developed by Microsoft, VS Code is a lightweight yet powerful IDE with extensive support for Python development through extensions. It offers features like IntelliSense, debugging, and built-in Git integration.

In VSCode for example this can be easily done by adding the following .vscode/launch.json file: