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lepton
Discontinued Lepton is a tool and file format for losslessly compressing JPEGs by an average of 22%. (by dropbox)
Ah, I didn't realize that! Looking at this [0] issue thread, it seems like the minimum version with AVIF support is v7.0.25. The suggestion to use Docker in that thread might be useful for you as well, if you are interested in a couple quick tests and are already set up for containers.
[0] https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/issues/1432#issue...
Most of them can probably be avoided for the purposes of an AVIF file, but patent US20160232939A1 [2] in my reading seems to be about in-container signalling to express relationships between a "static media item" and "one or more entities" that together "form a group", and "indicating, in the file, a grouping type for the group". The patent appears to be written in a way to allow this definition to encompass, say, a thumbnail and a bunch of frames thereafter, or, say a master image and a set of pictures derived from it, or alternate camera angles of the same thing. Some of these techniques sound like stuff we've seen before, but as is common in patents, the precise wording of claims is often key, and this is where patent lawyers come in.
A thorough look of the AVIF specification [3] and the patents registered with the MPEG LA about this format [1] is likely wise before any widespread deployment that makes use of advanced features of the HEIF container; using it to hold exactly 1 'one-layer' still-image is probably fine.
Additionally, in my reading [5], the HEIF reference software released by Nokia [4] includes a patent grant for non-commercial evaluation, testing and academic research only.
[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19874321 [2] https://patents.google.com/patent/US20160232939A1/ [3] https://aomediacodec.github.io/av1-avif/ [4] https://github.com/nokiatech/heif/blob/master/LICENSE.TXT [5] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19874368 [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AV1&oldid=9976507... [7] https://github.com/AOMediaCodec/av1-avif/issues/2
To add to this, it's already possible to give this a try via building Brunsli from source:
https://github.com/google/brunsli
I personally use the cbrunsli/dbrunsli cmdline programs to archive old high-resolution JPEG photos that I've taken over the years. Having a gander at one subdirectory with 94 photos @ 354 MB in size, running cbrunsli on them brings the size down to 282 MB, which brings in savings of about 20%. And if I ever wanted to convert them back to JPEG, each file would be bit-identical to the originals.
Perhaps it's a little early to trust my data to JPEG XL/Brunsli, but I've ran tests comparing hundreds of MD5 checksums of JPEG files losslessly recreated by Brunsli, and have not yet ran into a single mismatch yet.
I can only say that I am very excited for the day that JPEG XL truly hits primetime.
Just wondering, is there a "lossless" conversion from PNG/JPEG/etc to AVIF? Kinda like Lepton[1] but just re-compressing without further loss of details.
[1] https://github.com/dropbox/lepton