vizia VS gtk-fortran

All of these projects have in common that they use Taffy (the project that I work on!) for box-level layout (which currently gives them block, flexbox, and grid layout) , and are either using or planning to use cosmic-text for text/inline layout. This gives you a decent first approximation of web layout, but it's not perfect and there are major features like float, display: inline-block, position: static, box-sizing: content-box missing. Not to mention that none of these implementations currently resolve CSS selectors, so you are effectively limited to inline styles (if you're interested in something in that direction then you may be interested in https://github.com/vizia/vizia).

Vizia is basically fine-grained reactivity with an Elmish twist, though I haven't used it, so I couldn't say how well it works.

There are a number of up-and-coming Rust-based frameworks in this niche:

- https://github.com/iced-rs/iced (probably the most usable today)

- https://github.com/vizia/vizia

- https://github.com/marc2332/freya

- https://github.com/linebender/xilem (currently very incomplete but exciting because it's from a team with a strong track record)

What is also exciting to me is that the Rust GUI ecosystem is in many cases building itself up with modular libraries. So while we have umpteen competing frameworks they are to a large degree all building and collaborating on the same foundations. For example, we have:

- https://github.com/rust-windowing/winit (cross-platform window creation)

- https://github.com/gfx-rs/wgpu (abstraction on top of vulkan/metal/dx12)

- https://github.com/linebender/vello (a canvas like imperative drawing API on top of wgpu)

- https://github.com/DioxusLabs/taffy (UI layout algorithms)

- https://github.com/pop-os/cosmic-text (text rendering and editing)

- https://github.com/AccessKit/accesskit (cross-platform accessibility APIs)

In many cases there a see https://blessed.rs/crates#section-graphics-subsection-gui for a more complete list of frameworks and foundational libraries)

I don't think it's actually merged into Iced yet. It is merged into https://github.com/vizia/vizia though.

Vizia

I have recently learned about https://github.com/vizia/vizia and it looks very promising to me

The answer to 2) is more complicated, because in any language writing graphics is more complicated, because the hardware changes. The way you did it in Turbo C would not work today in Windows 11 (at least, not easily), nut as u/Uncle-Rufus says, you just need the right library, for example gtk-fortran. Here's Fortran code to create a Sierpinski Triangle in a PNG image file using that library, doing it to screen will be a little, but not much, more complicated.