typeguard
SDKMan
typeguard | SDKMan | |
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7 | 160 | |
1,446 | 5,857 | |
- | 0.9% | |
8.4 | 4.3 | |
21 days ago | 8 days ago | |
Python | Gherkin | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | Apache License 2.0 |
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typeguard
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Returning to snake's nest after a long journey, any major advances in python for science ?
As other folks have commented, type hints are now a big deal. For static typing the best checker is pyright. For runtime checking there is typeguard and beartype. These can be integrated with array libraries through jaxtyping. (Which also works for PyTorch/numpy/etc., despite the name.)
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Boring Python: Code Quality
I got good use of the run-time type checking of typeguard [0] when I recently invoked it via its pytest plugin [2]. For all code visited in the test suite, you get a failing test whenever an actual type differs from an annotated type.
[0]: https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/
[1]: https://typeguard.readthedocs.io/en/latest/userguide.html#us...
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Im listening...
But you can use a library like typeguard to get runtime typechecking. Or run mypy over the code to get static typechecking.
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Python’s “Type Hints” are a bit of a disappointment to me
Every point in this blog post strikes me as either (1) unaware of the tooling around python typing other than mypy, or (2) a criticism of static-typing-bolted-on-to-a-dynamically-typed-language, rather than Python's hints. Regarding (1), my advise to OP is to try out Pyright, Pydantic, and Typeguard. Pyright, especailly, is amazing and makes the process of working with type hints 2 or 3 times smoother IMO. And, I don't think points that fall under (2) are fair criticisms of type *hints*. They are called hints for a reason.
Otherwise, here's a point-by-point response, either recommending OP checks out tooling, or showing that the point being made is not specific to Python.
> type hints are not binding.
There are projects [0][1] that allow you to enforce type hints at runtime if you so choose.
It's worth mentioning that this is very analogous to how Typescript does it, in that type info is erased completely at runtime.
> Type checking is your job after all, ...[and that] requires maintenance.
There are LSPs like Pyright[2] (pyright specifically is the absolute best, IMO) that report type errors as you code. Again, this is very very similar to typescript.
> There is an Any type and it renders everything useless
I have never seen a static-typing tool that was bolted on to a dynamically typed language, without an `Any` type, including typescript.
> Duck type compatibility of int and float
The author admits that they cannot state why this behavior is problematic, except for saying that it's "ambiguous".
> Most projects need third-party type hints
Again, this is a criticism of all cases where static types are bolted on dynamically typed languages, not Python's implementation specifically.
> Sadly, dataclasses ignore type hints as well
Pydantic[3] is an amazing data parsing library that takes advantage of type hints, and it's interface is a superset of that of dataclasses. What's more, it underpins FastAPI[4], an amazing API-backend framework (with 44K Github stars).
> Type inference and lazy programmers
The argument of this section boils down to using `Any` as a generic argument not being an error by default. This is configurable to be an error both in Pyright[5], and mypy[6].
> Exceptions are not covered [like Java]
I can't find the interview/presentation, but Guido Van Rossum specifically calls out Java's implementation of "exception annotations" as a demonstration of why that is a bad idea, and that it would never happen in Python. I'm not saying Guido's opinion is the absolute truth, but just letting you know that this is an explicit decision, not an unwanted shortcoming.
[0] https://github.com/RussBaz/enforce
[1] https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard
[2] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
[3] https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io
[4] https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
[5] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/configur...
[6] https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config_file.html#confv...
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Statically typed Python
Personally I find working around mypy's quirks to be more effort than it's worth, so to offer another option: typeguard or beartype can be used to perform run-time type checking.
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Tests aren’t enough: Case study after adding type hints to urllib3
Never checked? They're statically checked.
Also, tooling like https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/ can do runtime checking for important parts of your app or you can add use this https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard to enforce all types at runtime (although I haven't measured the performance impact, probably something to do in a separate environment than production?).
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DoorDash: Migrating From Python to Kotlin for Our Backend Services
typeguard
SDKMan
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Install Asdf: One Runtime Manager to Rule All Dev Environments
I would suggest learning how to use SDKMAN: https://sdkman.io/
It will manage the JDK for you. Usage is basically this:
# Install a JDK, that version is now default
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Groovy 🎷 Cheat Sheet - 01 Say "Hello" from Groovy
Alternatively, you can use sdkman. A great tool to install your Software Development Kit. The downside is that it only works on *nix systems. So for Widnows users, you will have to use WSL or Cygwin as the official page suggests. It is really simple to use sdkman. after a successful installation, just type those commands into your *nix shell:
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Java Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud
To run the example, you must install the Auth0 CLI and create an Auth0 account. If you don't have an Auth0 account, sign up for free. I recommend using SDKMAN! to install Java 17+ and HTTPie for making HTTP requests.
- Criando ambiente de desenvolvimento Java no Windows - sem wsl
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Installing and managing Java on macOS
Another option for installing Java is SDKMAN!, a versatile tool that’s easy to install and helps you manage multiple versions of Java.
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Build a Beautiful CRUD App with Spring Boot and Angular
Java 17
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Authentication for Spring Boot App with Authgear and OAuth2
Java 17 or higher. You can use SDKMAN! to install Java if you don't have it already.
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Creating a Ktor Server with Gradle and SDKMAN!: A Step-by-Step Guide
Ktor, a powerful web framework built with Kotlin, offers a lightweight and flexible solution for building web applications. In this article, we will guide you through the process of creating a Ktor project manually using Gradle and SDKMAN!. By following the steps below, you'll have a basic Ktor project up and running in no time.
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First time Linux user
If you have any tips/advice then I'm all ears. I've already modified the dnf.conf with fastmirror and max_parallel_downloads I'm currently not using sdkman because this is my personal machine, so I don't mind always using the latest version OpenJDK. If I ever do need to switch between versions then I'll switch over to sdkman instead.
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MOOC.fi question - Is there a way to automatically default to JDK 17 to where I don't have to set up an SDK every single time?
For handling your JDK: I highly recommend purging your system of all JDKs/JRMs - get rid of it all - and download SDK (if you're using Windows, you'll need to do this through WSL). This tool manages software development kits very well; switching between JDKs is super straightforward: sdk use .
What are some alternatives?
beartype - Unbearably fast near-real-time hybrid runtime-static type-checking in pure Python.
jenv - Manage your Java environment
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints
asdf - Extendable version manager with support for Ruby, Node.js, Elixir, Erlang & more
mypyc - Compile type annotated Python to fast C extensions
jabba - (cross-platform) Java Version Manager
react-wasm-github-api-demo - A demo application to serve as a template for your Rust & React needs. With a sample GraphQL backend.
Homebrew-cask - 🍻 A CLI workflow for the administration of macOS applications distributed as binaries
dactyl-keyboard - Web generator for dactyl keyboards.
nvm - Node Version Manager - POSIX-compliant bash script to manage multiple active node.js versions
typeshed - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types
asdf-nodejs - Node.js plugin for asdf version manager