typeguard
ruff
typeguard | ruff | |
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7 | 95 | |
1,446 | 26,725 | |
- | 4.7% | |
8.4 | 10.0 | |
22 days ago | 2 days ago | |
Python | Rust | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | MIT License |
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typeguard
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Returning to snake's nest after a long journey, any major advances in python for science ?
As other folks have commented, type hints are now a big deal. For static typing the best checker is pyright. For runtime checking there is typeguard and beartype. These can be integrated with array libraries through jaxtyping. (Which also works for PyTorch/numpy/etc., despite the name.)
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Boring Python: Code Quality
I got good use of the run-time type checking of typeguard [0] when I recently invoked it via its pytest plugin [2]. For all code visited in the test suite, you get a failing test whenever an actual type differs from an annotated type.
[0]: https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/
[1]: https://typeguard.readthedocs.io/en/latest/userguide.html#us...
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Im listening...
But you can use a library like typeguard to get runtime typechecking. Or run mypy over the code to get static typechecking.
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Python’s “Type Hints” are a bit of a disappointment to me
Every point in this blog post strikes me as either (1) unaware of the tooling around python typing other than mypy, or (2) a criticism of static-typing-bolted-on-to-a-dynamically-typed-language, rather than Python's hints. Regarding (1), my advise to OP is to try out Pyright, Pydantic, and Typeguard. Pyright, especailly, is amazing and makes the process of working with type hints 2 or 3 times smoother IMO. And, I don't think points that fall under (2) are fair criticisms of type *hints*. They are called hints for a reason.
Otherwise, here's a point-by-point response, either recommending OP checks out tooling, or showing that the point being made is not specific to Python.
> type hints are not binding.
There are projects [0][1] that allow you to enforce type hints at runtime if you so choose.
It's worth mentioning that this is very analogous to how Typescript does it, in that type info is erased completely at runtime.
> Type checking is your job after all, ...[and that] requires maintenance.
There are LSPs like Pyright[2] (pyright specifically is the absolute best, IMO) that report type errors as you code. Again, this is very very similar to typescript.
> There is an Any type and it renders everything useless
I have never seen a static-typing tool that was bolted on to a dynamically typed language, without an `Any` type, including typescript.
> Duck type compatibility of int and float
The author admits that they cannot state why this behavior is problematic, except for saying that it's "ambiguous".
> Most projects need third-party type hints
Again, this is a criticism of all cases where static types are bolted on dynamically typed languages, not Python's implementation specifically.
> Sadly, dataclasses ignore type hints as well
Pydantic[3] is an amazing data parsing library that takes advantage of type hints, and it's interface is a superset of that of dataclasses. What's more, it underpins FastAPI[4], an amazing API-backend framework (with 44K Github stars).
> Type inference and lazy programmers
The argument of this section boils down to using `Any` as a generic argument not being an error by default. This is configurable to be an error both in Pyright[5], and mypy[6].
> Exceptions are not covered [like Java]
I can't find the interview/presentation, but Guido Van Rossum specifically calls out Java's implementation of "exception annotations" as a demonstration of why that is a bad idea, and that it would never happen in Python. I'm not saying Guido's opinion is the absolute truth, but just letting you know that this is an explicit decision, not an unwanted shortcoming.
[0] https://github.com/RussBaz/enforce
[1] https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard
[2] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
[3] https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io
[4] https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
[5] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/configur...
[6] https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config_file.html#confv...
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Statically typed Python
Personally I find working around mypy's quirks to be more effort than it's worth, so to offer another option: typeguard or beartype can be used to perform run-time type checking.
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Tests aren’t enough: Case study after adding type hints to urllib3
Never checked? They're statically checked.
Also, tooling like https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/ can do runtime checking for important parts of your app or you can add use this https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard to enforce all types at runtime (although I haven't measured the performance impact, probably something to do in a separate environment than production?).
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DoorDash: Migrating From Python to Kotlin for Our Backend Services
typeguard
ruff
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Ask HN: High quality Python scripts or small libraries to learn from
I think I mention this all the time when this comes up, but I learned the most 'best practices' through using ruff.
https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/
I just installed and enabled all the rules by setting
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Enhance Your Project Quality with These Top Python Libraries
Ruff is a Python linter that helps to identify and remove code smells. Over 700 built-in rules: Ruff includes native re-implementations of popular Flake8 plugins, like flake8-bugbear. And also built-in caching to avoid re-analyzing unchanged files.
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Ask HN: What interesting project ideas you've got but have no time to work on?
Because the Python's "ast" modules is too slow, and lacks proper "format" feature (it has unparse but it removes comments, and forgets the current style completely). I use "ruff" a lot (https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) which is in Rust. But I want to be able to implement fast custom linters in Go (linters that ruff / fixit lack, and Python linters lack or are too slow).
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Rye: A Vision Continued
I think it’s interesting that rye uses ruff (https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) for linting and formatting. That’s the right call, and it’s also correct to bundle that in for an integrated dev experience.
I had to guess, that’s the path that the Astral team would take as well - expand ruff’s capabilities so it can do everything a Python developer needs. So the vision that Armin is describing here might be achieved by ruff eventually. They’d have an advantage that they’re not a single person maintenance team, but the disadvantage of needing to show a return to their investors.
- An fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust
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Smooth Packaging: Flowing from Source to PyPi with GitLab Pipelines
Adding more weight to ease of setup and configurability, the choice came down on flake8. It is easy to integrate, since its also available through pip and let’s you configure which standards you want to omit by simply stating them as a list via the --ignore switch. Moving to ruff appears quite smooth, so future updates may do so.
- Show HN: Marimo – an open-source reactive notebook for Python
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AST-grep(sg) is a CLI tool for code structural search, lint, and rewriting
I confess I stole the pip recipe from Charlie :D
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/blob/main/.github/workflow...
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Embracing Modern Python for Web Development
Ruff is an emerging tool in the Python ecosystem that describes itself as "an extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust".
- Ruff: An fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust
What are some alternatives?
beartype - Unbearably fast near-real-time hybrid runtime-static type-checking in pure Python.
black - The uncompromising Python code formatter
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints
mypy - Optional static typing for Python
mypyc - Compile type annotated Python to fast C extensions
pyright - Static Type Checker for Python
react-wasm-github-api-demo - A demo application to serve as a template for your Rust & React needs. With a sample GraphQL backend.
Pylint - It's not just a linter that annoys you!
dactyl-keyboard - Web generator for dactyl keyboards.
Flake8 - flake8 is a python tool that glues together pycodestyle, pyflakes, mccabe, and third-party plugins to check the style and quality of some python code.
typeshed - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types
pre-commit - A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language pre-commit hooks.