typeguard
pyre-check
typeguard | pyre-check | |
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7 | 24 | |
1,446 | 6,695 | |
- | 0.5% | |
8.4 | 9.9 | |
22 days ago | 2 days ago | |
Python | OCaml | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | MIT License |
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typeguard
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Returning to snake's nest after a long journey, any major advances in python for science ?
As other folks have commented, type hints are now a big deal. For static typing the best checker is pyright. For runtime checking there is typeguard and beartype. These can be integrated with array libraries through jaxtyping. (Which also works for PyTorch/numpy/etc., despite the name.)
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Boring Python: Code Quality
I got good use of the run-time type checking of typeguard [0] when I recently invoked it via its pytest plugin [2]. For all code visited in the test suite, you get a failing test whenever an actual type differs from an annotated type.
[0]: https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/
[1]: https://typeguard.readthedocs.io/en/latest/userguide.html#us...
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Im listening...
But you can use a library like typeguard to get runtime typechecking. Or run mypy over the code to get static typechecking.
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Python’s “Type Hints” are a bit of a disappointment to me
Every point in this blog post strikes me as either (1) unaware of the tooling around python typing other than mypy, or (2) a criticism of static-typing-bolted-on-to-a-dynamically-typed-language, rather than Python's hints. Regarding (1), my advise to OP is to try out Pyright, Pydantic, and Typeguard. Pyright, especailly, is amazing and makes the process of working with type hints 2 or 3 times smoother IMO. And, I don't think points that fall under (2) are fair criticisms of type *hints*. They are called hints for a reason.
Otherwise, here's a point-by-point response, either recommending OP checks out tooling, or showing that the point being made is not specific to Python.
> type hints are not binding.
There are projects [0][1] that allow you to enforce type hints at runtime if you so choose.
It's worth mentioning that this is very analogous to how Typescript does it, in that type info is erased completely at runtime.
> Type checking is your job after all, ...[and that] requires maintenance.
There are LSPs like Pyright[2] (pyright specifically is the absolute best, IMO) that report type errors as you code. Again, this is very very similar to typescript.
> There is an Any type and it renders everything useless
I have never seen a static-typing tool that was bolted on to a dynamically typed language, without an `Any` type, including typescript.
> Duck type compatibility of int and float
The author admits that they cannot state why this behavior is problematic, except for saying that it's "ambiguous".
> Most projects need third-party type hints
Again, this is a criticism of all cases where static types are bolted on dynamically typed languages, not Python's implementation specifically.
> Sadly, dataclasses ignore type hints as well
Pydantic[3] is an amazing data parsing library that takes advantage of type hints, and it's interface is a superset of that of dataclasses. What's more, it underpins FastAPI[4], an amazing API-backend framework (with 44K Github stars).
> Type inference and lazy programmers
The argument of this section boils down to using `Any` as a generic argument not being an error by default. This is configurable to be an error both in Pyright[5], and mypy[6].
> Exceptions are not covered [like Java]
I can't find the interview/presentation, but Guido Van Rossum specifically calls out Java's implementation of "exception annotations" as a demonstration of why that is a bad idea, and that it would never happen in Python. I'm not saying Guido's opinion is the absolute truth, but just letting you know that this is an explicit decision, not an unwanted shortcoming.
[0] https://github.com/RussBaz/enforce
[1] https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard
[2] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
[3] https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io
[4] https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
[5] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/configur...
[6] https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config_file.html#confv...
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Statically typed Python
Personally I find working around mypy's quirks to be more effort than it's worth, so to offer another option: typeguard or beartype can be used to perform run-time type checking.
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Tests aren’t enough: Case study after adding type hints to urllib3
Never checked? They're statically checked.
Also, tooling like https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/ can do runtime checking for important parts of your app or you can add use this https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard to enforce all types at runtime (although I haven't measured the performance impact, probably something to do in a separate environment than production?).
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DoorDash: Migrating From Python to Kotlin for Our Backend Services
typeguard
pyre-check
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Pylyzer – A fast static code analyzer and language server for Python
Did you come across pyre in your search? MIT license and pretty fast.
https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check
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Enhance Your Project Quality with These Top Python Libraries
Pyre is a performant type-checker developed by Facebook. Pyre can analyse codebases with millions of lines of code incrementally – providing instantaneous feedback to developers as they write code.
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A Tale of Two Kitchens - Hypermodernizing Your Python Code Base
Pyre from Meta, pyright from Microsoft and PyType from Google provide additional assistance. They can 'infer' types based on code flow and existing types within the code.
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Ruff v0.1.0
Have you seen Pyre[0]? Not Rust, OCaml, and pretty fast. Made by a team at Meta and open sourced on GitHub. If you use python-lsp, I wrote an extension[1] to enable integration (though I haven't tested it recently, been programming in rust; it is mostly a "for me" extension).
0: https://pyre-check.org/
1: https://github.com/cricalix/python-lsp-pyre
- Should I Rust or should I Go
- Writing Python like it's Rust
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Buck2, a large scale build tool written in Rust by Meta, is now available
Internally we use Pyre for Python type checking: https://github.com/facebook/pyre-check
- Are there any sectors that use Haskell as a main programming language?
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It is becoming difficult for me to be productive in Python
Before type hinting, work had intense rules and linters enforcing docstrings with types. Now, type hints and automatic pyre runs take care of all the heavy lifting.
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Ruby 3.2’s YJIT is Production-Ready
Python now has an optional type system and if you add one of them such as mypy or pyre to your CI process and you can configure GitHub to refuse the pull request until types are added you can make it somewhat strongly typed.
If you have a preexisting codebase I believe the way you can convert it is to add the types that you know on commits and eventually you will have enough types that adding the missing ones should be easy. For the missing ones Any is a good choice.
https://pyre-check.org and https://github.com/python/mypy are popular.
What are some alternatives?
beartype - Unbearably fast near-real-time hybrid runtime-static type-checking in pure Python.
pyright - Static Type Checker for Python
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints
mypy - Optional static typing for Python
mypyc - Compile type annotated Python to fast C extensions
pytype - A static type analyzer for Python code
react-wasm-github-api-demo - A demo application to serve as a template for your Rust & React needs. With a sample GraphQL backend.
typeshed - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types
dactyl-keyboard - Web generator for dactyl keyboards.
flake8
typing - Python static typing home. Hosts the documentation and a user help forum.