typeguard
gomacro
typeguard | gomacro | |
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7 | 11 | |
1,438 | 2,133 | |
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8.4 | 6.4 | |
20 days ago | 4 months ago | |
Python | Go | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | Mozilla Public License 2.0 |
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typeguard
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Returning to snake's nest after a long journey, any major advances in python for science ?
As other folks have commented, type hints are now a big deal. For static typing the best checker is pyright. For runtime checking there is typeguard and beartype. These can be integrated with array libraries through jaxtyping. (Which also works for PyTorch/numpy/etc., despite the name.)
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Boring Python: Code Quality
I got good use of the run-time type checking of typeguard [0] when I recently invoked it via its pytest plugin [2]. For all code visited in the test suite, you get a failing test whenever an actual type differs from an annotated type.
[0]: https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard/
[1]: https://typeguard.readthedocs.io/en/latest/userguide.html#us...
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Im listening...
But you can use a library like typeguard to get runtime typechecking. Or run mypy over the code to get static typechecking.
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Python’s “Type Hints” are a bit of a disappointment to me
Every point in this blog post strikes me as either (1) unaware of the tooling around python typing other than mypy, or (2) a criticism of static-typing-bolted-on-to-a-dynamically-typed-language, rather than Python's hints. Regarding (1), my advise to OP is to try out Pyright, Pydantic, and Typeguard. Pyright, especailly, is amazing and makes the process of working with type hints 2 or 3 times smoother IMO. And, I don't think points that fall under (2) are fair criticisms of type *hints*. They are called hints for a reason.
Otherwise, here's a point-by-point response, either recommending OP checks out tooling, or showing that the point being made is not specific to Python.
> type hints are not binding.
There are projects [0][1] that allow you to enforce type hints at runtime if you so choose.
It's worth mentioning that this is very analogous to how Typescript does it, in that type info is erased completely at runtime.
> Type checking is your job after all, ...[and that] requires maintenance.
There are LSPs like Pyright[2] (pyright specifically is the absolute best, IMO) that report type errors as you code. Again, this is very very similar to typescript.
> There is an Any type and it renders everything useless
I have never seen a static-typing tool that was bolted on to a dynamically typed language, without an `Any` type, including typescript.
> Duck type compatibility of int and float
The author admits that they cannot state why this behavior is problematic, except for saying that it's "ambiguous".
> Most projects need third-party type hints
Again, this is a criticism of all cases where static types are bolted on dynamically typed languages, not Python's implementation specifically.
> Sadly, dataclasses ignore type hints as well
Pydantic[3] is an amazing data parsing library that takes advantage of type hints, and it's interface is a superset of that of dataclasses. What's more, it underpins FastAPI[4], an amazing API-backend framework (with 44K Github stars).
> Type inference and lazy programmers
The argument of this section boils down to using `Any` as a generic argument not being an error by default. This is configurable to be an error both in Pyright[5], and mypy[6].
> Exceptions are not covered [like Java]
I can't find the interview/presentation, but Guido Van Rossum specifically calls out Java's implementation of "exception annotations" as a demonstration of why that is a bad idea, and that it would never happen in Python. I'm not saying Guido's opinion is the absolute truth, but just letting you know that this is an explicit decision, not an unwanted shortcoming.
[0] https://github.com/RussBaz/enforce
[1] https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard
[2] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
[3] https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io
[4] https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
[5] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/configur...
[6] https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config_file.html#confv...
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Statically typed Python
Personally I find working around mypy's quirks to be more effort than it's worth, so to offer another option: typeguard or beartype can be used to perform run-time type checking.
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Tests aren’t enough: Case study after adding type hints to urllib3
Never checked? They're statically checked.
Also, tooling like https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/ can do runtime checking for important parts of your app or you can add use this https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard to enforce all types at runtime (although I haven't measured the performance impact, probably something to do in a separate environment than production?).
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DoorDash: Migrating From Python to Kotlin for Our Backend Services
typeguard
gomacro
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Go superset
gomacro added macros and generics several years before generics reached release.
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Alternative REPL to "gore"
I use https://github.com/cosmos72/gomacro when I want to quickly try some code.
- Gomacro: Go Interpreter and REPL
- Interpreters built in Go
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".. beat the Crap out of ..", really liked that wording. You can't trump that.
Officially, it's not much scripting friendly, but there are unofficial support to make it a proper scripting option like the gomacro.
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How to run a go main package from another go program?
If it's a simple program I guess you could use gomacro:https://github.com/cosmos72/gomacro
- Scripting in Go
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go-notebook
Thanks to gomacro we can import no standard libraries on the notebook :P
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DoorDash: Migrating From Python to Kotlin for Our Backend Services
For our use (debugging and running small scripts to update data), gomacro should work well enough, despite being an "almost complete" Go interpreter. This isn't the same as the Python REPL which uses entirely the same code to run, but it should be up to the task.
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Hy: A dialect of Lisp that's embedded in Python
I keep meaning to play with https://github.com/cosmos72/gomacro
What are some alternatives?
beartype - Unbearably fast near-real-time hybrid runtime-static type-checking in pure Python.
yaegi - Yaegi is Another Elegant Go Interpreter
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints
gophernotes - The Go kernel for Jupyter notebooks and nteract.
mypyc - Compile type annotated Python to fast C extensions
react-wasm-github-api-demo - A demo application to serve as a template for your Rust & React needs. With a sample GraphQL backend.
hissp - It's Python with a Lissp.
dactyl-keyboard - Web generator for dactyl keyboards.
typeshed - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types
go-pry - An interactive REPL for Go that allows you to drop into your code at any point.