samsara
may
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samsara
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Garbage Collection for Systems Programmers
> IME it's the other way around, per-object individual lifetimes is a rare special case
It depends on your application domain. But in most cases where objects have "individual lifetimes" you can still use reference counting, which has lower latency and memory overhead than tracing GC and interacts well with manual memory management. Tracing GC can then be "plugged in" for very specific cases, preferably using a high performance concurrent implementation much like https://github.com/chc4/samsara (for Rust) or https://github.com/pebal/sgcl (for C++).
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Why choose async/await over threads?
> Just for example: "it needs a GC" could be the heart of such an argument
Rust can actually support high-performance concurrent GC, see https://github.com/chc4/samsara for an experimental implementation. But unlike other languages it gives you the option of not using it.
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Boehm Garbage Collector
The compiler support you need is quite limited. Here's an implementation of cycle collection in Rust: https://github.com/chc4/samsara It's made possible because Rust can tell apart read-only and read-write references (except for interior mutable objects, but these are known to the compiler and references to them can be treated as read-write). This avoids a global stop-the-world for the entire program.
Cascading deletes are rare in practice, and if anything they are inherent to deterministic deletion, which is often a desirable property. When they're possible, one can often use arena allocation to avoid the issue altogether, since arenas are managed as a single object.
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Steel – An embedded scheme interpreter in Rust
There are concurrent GC implementations for Rust, e.g. Samsara https://redvice.org/2023/samsara-garbage-collector/ https://github.com/chc4/samsara that avoid blocking, except to a minimal extent in rare cases of contention. That fits pretty well with the pattern of "doing a bit of GC every frame".
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Removing Garbage Collection from the Rust Language (2013)
There are a number of efforts along these lines, the most interesting is probably Samsara https://github.com/chc4/samsara https://redvice.org/2023/samsara-garbage-collector/ which implements a concurrent, thread-safe GC with no global "stop the world" phase.
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I built a garbage collector for a language that doesn't need one
Nice blog post! I also wrote a concurrent reference counted cycle collector in Rust (https://github.com/chc4/samsara) though never published it to crates.io. It's neat to see the different choices that people made implementing similar goals, and dumpster works pretty differently from how I did it. I hit the same problems wrt concurrent mutation of the graph when trying to count in-degree of nodes, or adding references during a collection - I didn't even think of doing generational references and just have a RwLock...
may
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Why choose async/await over threads?
https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may
The project has some serious restrictions and unsound footguns (e.g. around TLS), but otherwise it's usable enough. There are also a number of C/C++ libraries, but I can not comment on those.
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Asynchronous Clean-Up (in Rust)
> e.g. Linux mutexes
You don't want to use blocking mutexes anyway with async.
> or Rust's Rc
This is only half true. The danger is that two `Rc` that point to the same data are in different threads. But it should be safe to move all of them at once from one thread to another, which is exactly the case if all the `Rc`s involved live inside a `Future`. The problem is that this is a non-local property that's hard to encode in the type system.
> By the way, if you wish to test uncolored async in Rust, you can find an implementation here: https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may .
FYI that's known to be unsound due to thread locals. And more generally it doesn't seem to give much attention to safety (see for example how it allowed unsound scoped tasks, or the fact it allows doing unsafe operations in some of its macros due to wrong scoping of `unsafe` blocks).
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What's the Benefit/Allure of Async/Await vs. CSP/Green Threads (and Other Concurrency Models)?
It seems that rust removed native green threads as against it's philosophy: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29428318/why-did-rust-remove-the-green-threading-model-whats-the-disadvantage#29430403 but there are good CSP libraries e.g. https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may and yet people really like e.g. Tokio for Async/Await (although it also has greenthreads!) What am I missing?
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Async Rust Is A Bad Language
Can you admit that you failed in making it a pleasant experience to write async, especially for library authors? I don’t think it’s too late to admit failure and implement something like May https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may
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How Much Memory Do You Need to Run 1 Million Concurrent Tasks?
Your benchmark is comparing apples to oranges, you're benchmarking different things. If you wanted to compare a Rust solution to something like what Go does, you would need to use something like this library.
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Can this new algorithm of Kotlin async be applied to Rust?
Yep. This is the best coroutine library right now https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may
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async fn calls can lead to surprising performance problems if they are nested too deeply
I am still intrigued by the stackful coroutine library, May https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may. I would like to see how far this library can push the boundaries of being a higher level alternative to async
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Goroutine equivalent
There is also "may" which attempts to be a Rust version of goroutines. I have not used it though, so can't comment on anything further about it.
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Virtual Threads in Rust?
This library https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may implement Stackful Coroutines in Rust which I believe is pretty close to what you're asking about. I believe it's a reasonably complete implementation, but it doesn't have much traction because most of the Rust ecosystem is using either async/await or native threads.
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Working with Strings in Rust
I've never worked with C# so I need to look into that.
The one saving grace with Rust is if everyone decides to say "screw async" and just builds synchronous APIs, then we use something like [May](https://github.com/Xudong-Huang/may) for green threading.
What are some alternatives?
sundial-gc - WIP: my Tweag open source fellowship project
tokio - A runtime for writing reliable asynchronous applications with Rust. Provides I/O, networking, scheduling, timers, ...
nitro - Experimental OOP language that compiled to native code with non-fragile and stable ABI
cached - Rust cache structures and easy function memoization
gara
ocaml - The core OCaml system: compilers, runtime system, base libraries
patty - A pattern matching library for Nim
go - The Go programming language
node-libnmap - API to access nmap from node.js
actix-web - Actix Web is a powerful, pragmatic, and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
qcell - Statically-checked alternatives to RefCell and RwLock
Puma - A Ruby/Rack web server built for parallelism