qbe-rs
Odin
qbe-rs | Odin | |
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30 | 84 | |
66 | 5,684 | |
- | 3.3% | |
3.3 | 10.0 | |
8 months ago | 5 days ago | |
Rust | Odin | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License |
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qbe-rs
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CBMC: C bounded model checker. (2021)
Another problem with LLVM I’ve heard about is that it’s intermediate language or API or something is a moving, informally-specified target. People who know LLVM internals might weigh in on that claim. If true, it’s actually easier to target C or a subset of Rust just because it’s static and well-understood.
Two projects sought to mitigate these issues by going in different directions. One was a compiler backend that aimed to be easy to learn with well-specified IL. The other aimed to formalize LLVM’s IL.
http://c9x.me/compile/
https://github.com/AliveToolkit/alive2
There have also been typed, assembly languages to support verification from groups like FLINT. One can also compile language-specific analysis with a certified to LLVM IL compiler. Integrating pieces from different languages can have risks. That (IIRC) is being mitigated by people doing secure, abstract compilation.
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Odin Programming Language
> I think it uses a different backend than LLVM
harec uses https://c9x.me/compile/
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Frontend for GCC?
Have you considered QBE?
- QBE – Compiler Back End
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What do C programmers think of the Zig language in 2023?
I really hope other new projects (like QBE) can really grow and become widely used
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Toy C compiler, worth having an IR stage?
I really liked targetting QBE (https://c9x.me/compile/) as an IR, as it gave me lots of back-end optimisations for free 😊.
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C or LLVM for a fast backend?
There is: QBE.
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A whirlwind tour of the LLVM optimizer
You might be underestimating the accuracy of the CPU models LLVM uses.
For x86, the same data the code generator uses drives llvm-mca[1], which given a loop body can tell you the throughput, latency, and microarchitectural bottlenecks (decoding, ports, dependencies, store forwarding, etc.)—if not always precisely, then still not worse then IACA, the tool written at Intel by people who presumably knew how the CPUs work, unlike LLVM contributors and the rest of us who can only guess and measure. This separately for Haswell, Sandy Bridge, Skylake, etc.; not “x86”.
Now, is this the best model you can get? Not exactly[2], but it’s close enough to not matter. Do we often need machine code to be optimized to that level of detail? Perhaps not[3], and with that in mind you can shave at least a factor of ten off LLVM’s considerable bulk at the cost of 20—30% of performance[4,5]. But if you do want those as well, it seems that the complexity of LLVM is a fair price, or has the right order of magnitude at least.
(Frontend not included, C++ frontend required to bootstrap sold separately, at a similar markup compared to a C-only frontend with somewhat worse ergonomics.)
[1] https://llvm.org/docs/CommandGuide/llvm-mca.html
[2] https://www.uops.info/
[3] https://briancallahan.net/blog/20211010.html
[4] https://c9x.me/compile/
[5] https://drewdevault.com/talks/qbe.html
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Made my first LLVM front-end… Now what?
You can try buildling you own backend like llvm. A good example or starting point is probably QBE since it is extremely small but very functional.
- Best book on writing an optimizing compiler (inlining, types, abstract interpretation)?
Odin
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Zig, Rust, and Other Languages
There's also Odin[0] too. I tried using them all and Odin was pretty nice. Nim is also good too but a lot more features.
But - I concluded that language matters a lot less compared to APIs. Yes, the language should have enough good features to let the programmers express themselves, but overall well designed APIs matter a lot more than language. For example -tossing most of the C stdlib and following a consistent coding style (similar to one described here -[1]), with using Arenas for memory allocation, I can be just as productive in C.
[0] - https://odin-lang.org
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Odin Programming Language
I highly recommend looking at:
* The Overview: <https://odin-lang.org/docs/overview/>
* examples/demo: <https://github.com/odin-lang/Odin/blob/master/examples/demo/...>
As for the first example: a basic lexing example is probably boring, but it does show some basic ideas of what the language is about. If people want to write better examples or just reorder the current ones, please feel free to make an issue or PR on the website's GitHub page: <https://github.com/odin-lang/odin-lang.org>.
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babel tree
I use Odin primarily, it’s C-level but pascal/Go syntax and inspiration https://odin-lang.org/
- Botlib: Telegram Bots in C by Antirez
- "Odin is a general-purpose programming language with distinct typing built for high performance, modern systems and data-oriented programming."
- Austral Programming Language
- Small Joys with Odin
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Can't decide what engine/library/framework I want to master
Website: https://odin-lang.org/
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Download Odin and get started today! Includes binding to popular video game libraries
Get it from the website: https://odin-lang.org/ -- Odin includes bindings to popular gamedev libraries & APIs such as Raylib, SDL, DirectX, OpenGL and Vulkan.
- Check this odin file out for a demo of many of the language's features. It comes with the compiler inside the examples folder. I refer to it all the time when I need to figure out how to do something.
What are some alternatives?
ubpf - Userspace eBPF VM
zig - General-purpose programming language and toolchain for maintaining robust, optimal, and reusable software.
mir - A lightweight JIT compiler based on MIR (Medium Internal Representation) and C11 JIT compiler and interpreter based on MIR
v - Simple, fast, safe, compiled language for developing maintainable software. Compiles itself in <1s with zero library dependencies. Supports automatic C => V translation. https://vlang.io
minivm - A VM That is Dynamic and Fast
Nim - Nim is a statically typed compiled systems programming language. It combines successful concepts from mature languages like Python, Ada and Modula. Its design focuses on efficiency, expressiveness, and elegance (in that order of priority).
c4 - C in four functions
rust - Empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software.
well - The Future of Assembly Language. https://wellang.github.io/well/
carbon-lang - Carbon Language's main repository: documents, design, implementation, and related tools. (NOTE: Carbon Language is experimental; see README)
wasmtime - A fast and secure runtime for WebAssembly
Beef - Beef Programming Language