Pendulum
mypy
Pendulum | mypy | |
---|---|---|
11 | 112 | |
6,066 | 17,569 | |
- | 0.9% | |
7.3 | 9.7 | |
about 1 month ago | 4 days ago | |
Python | Python | |
MIT License | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
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For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
Pendulum
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Creating Command-Line Tools in Python with argparse - Guide
I did the same with datetime and moved to using Pendulum.
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It's Time for a Change: Datetime.utcnow() Is Now Deprecated
Python could be better but really, does any language handle date and time types well? After 30+ years of this I mostly just use seconds since epoch everywhere like some sort of caveman banging rocks together. But at least it works clearly.
Last I looked Pendulum was the best choice for a fancy but humane Python library for dates and times. Install size is over 4MB :-( https://pendulum.eustace.io/
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đź—“ date-operations: A package for common date operations [Package on PyPy]
Good luck with your library, but for everyone else I’ll leave this here: https://pendulum.eustace.io/
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Pytz: The Fastest Footgun in the West
Pendulum is quite good[0]. Relatively intuitive interface.
When I left Rails, this is one area I really missed.
Time.use_zone("Singapore") { (Time.zone.now - 3.days).beginning_of_week }
This readable line in datetime utils or even pendulum, is such a pain.
[0] https://github.com/sdispater/pendulum
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We need a metric version of time.
You shouldn't do manual date and time calculations, there are people dedicated to developing tools for that and they're giving those tools for free! An example, Pendulum for Python.
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Stop Using Utcnow and Utcfromtimestamp
Yes, the datetime api once timezone is involved is quite bad in python.
This is why for anything that uses timezone, I use pendulum: https://pendulum.eustace.io/
It's compatible with the datetime api, but it has sane default, nice tools to convert between timezone, some cool date adjustment stuff, and can humanize time in several languages.
Basically, datetime has the same problem as text vs raw bytes in python 2.7, except it has never been fixed.
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Python Datetime (with examples)
Bless you for using the stock library but Pendulum is a much more humane way to work with dates and times in Python.
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What's the easiest / most efficient way to subtract 7 days from the current date?
Also, check the docs here if you're open to an alternative: https://pendulum.eustace.io/
- Date math: is there a faster / more pythonic / just all around better way to do this
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Open-source Timezone Converter?
Use Pendulum. It makes converting, adding and subtracting times trivially simple.
mypy
- The GIL can now be disabled in Python's main branch
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Polars – A bird's eye view of Polars
It's got type annotations and mypy has a discussion about it here as well: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1282
- Static Typing for Python
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Python 3.13 Gets a JIT
There is already an AOT compiler for Python: Nuitka[0]. But I don't think it's much faster.
And then there is mypyc[1] which uses mypy's static type annotations but is only slightly faster.
And various other compilers like Numba and Cython that work with specialized dialects of Python to achieve better results, but then it's not quite Python anymore.
[0] https://nuitka.net/
[1] https://github.com/python/mypy/tree/master/mypyc
- Introducing Flask-Muck: How To Build a Comprehensive Flask REST API in 5 Minutes
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WeveAllBeenThere
In Python there is MyPy that can help with this. https://www.mypy-lang.org/
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It's Time for a Change: Datetime.utcnow() Is Now Deprecated
It's funny you should say this.
Reading this article prompted me to future-proof a program I maintain for fun that deals with time; it had one use of utcnow, which I fixed.
And then I tripped over a runtime type problem in an unrelated area of the code, despite the code being green under "mypy --strict". (and "100% coverage" from tests, except this particular exception only occured in a "# pragma: no-cover" codepath so it wasn't actually covered)
It turns out that because of some core decisions about how datetime objects work, `datetime.date.today() < datetime.datetime.now()` type-checks but gives a TypeError at runtime. Oops. (cause discussed at length in https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/9015 but without action for 3 years)
One solution is apparently to use `datetype` for type annotations (while continuing to use `datetime` objects at runtime): https://github.com/glyph/DateType
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What's New in Python 3.12
PEP 695 is great. I've been using mypy every day at work in last couple years or so with very strict parameters (no any type etc) and I have experience writing real life programs with Rust, Agda, and some Haskell before, so I'm familiar with strict type systems. I'm sure many will disagree with me but these are my very honest opinions as a professional who uses Python types every day:
* Some types are better than no types. I love Python types, and I consider them required. Even if they're not type-checked they're better than no types. If they're type-checked it's even better. If things are typed properly (no any etc) and type-checked that's even better. And so on...
* Having said this, Python's type system as checked by mypy feels like a toy type system. It's very easy to fool it, and you need to be careful so that type-checking actually fails badly formed programs.
* The biggest issue I face are exceptions. Community discussed this many times [1] [2] and the overall consensus is to not check exceptions. I personally disagree as if you have a Python program that's meticulously typed and type-checked exceptions still cause bad states and since Python code uses exceptions liberally, it's pretty easy to accidentally go to a bad state. E.g. in the linked github issue JukkaL (developer) claims checking things like "KeyError" will create too many false positives, I strongly disagree. If a function can realistically raise a "KeyError" the program should be properly written to accept this at some level otherwise something that returns type T but 0.01% of the time raises "KeyError" should actually be typed "Raises[T, KeyError]".
* PEP 695 will help because typing things particularly is very helpful. Often you want to pass bunch of Ts around but since this is impractical some devs resort to passing "dict[str, Any]"s around and thus things type-check but you still get "KeyError" left and right. It's better to have "SomeStructure[T]" types with "T" as your custom data type (whether dataclass, or pydantic, or traditional class) so that type system has more opportunities to reject bad programs.
* Overall, I'm personally very optimistic about the future of types in Python!
[1] https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1773
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Mypy 1.6 Released
# is fixed: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/12987.
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Ask HN: Why are all of the best back end web frameworks dynamically typed?
You probably already know but you can add type hints and then check for consistency with https://github.com/python/mypy in python.
Modern Python with things like https://learnpython.com/blog/python-match-case-statement/ + mypy + Ruff for linting https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff can get pretty good results.
I found typed dataclasses (https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html) in python using mypy to give me really high confidence when building data representations.
What are some alternatives?
arrow - 🏹 Better dates & times for Python
pyright - Static Type Checker for Python
pytz - pytz Python historical timezone library and database
ruff - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.
dateutil - Useful extensions to the standard Python datetime features
pyre-check - Performant type-checking for python.
Maya - Datetimes for Humans™
black - The uncompromising Python code formatter
delorean - Delorean: Time Travel Made Easy
pytype - A static type analyzer for Python code
when.py
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints