kulupu VS substrate

Yes and no (although no parachains currently do so). Substrate is rather flexible, and the block production mechanism can indeed use proof of work, even for parachains. In fact, Substrate-based Kulupu, although a solochain and not a parachain, does this.

Voluntary council is a proposed model for governance on Substrate based chains, developed by Wei Tang a core dev at Parity and author of Kulupu(https://kulupu.network/) Check it out and join the discussion if you have feedback (https://corepaper.org/governance/vcouncil/)

please see: https://github.com/kulupu/kulupu/releases/tag/v2.6.0

Substrate — a framework for building application-specific blockchains (written in Rust);

frame-benchmarking = { version = "4.0.0-dev", default-features = false, optional = true, git = "https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.git", branch = "polkadot-v1.0.0" }

To offer some perspective outside of the typical "all crypto is a scam", Parity is doing some cool stuff with a rust modular blockchain library called Substrate https://github.com/paritytech/substrate.

Rust takes the cake in the blockchain space: Substrate, Cosmos (CosmWasm), and Solana. All of the zero knowledge cryptography libraries used for layer 2 solutions are written in Rust, compiling to Wasm (see arkworks, Risc0). Ethereum's next version of smart contracts will even use a restricted subset of Wasm ("Ewasm") instead of EVM.

Verifying NPoS election solution graph and its score is a memory-intensive operation that needs to be performed within a single block time. Under the current runtime constraints, a solution graph with 22,500 nominators can be verified well within the block production time on Polkadot. There are plans to improve on this and implement multi-block election solution verification, after which, the NPoS system can scale to incorporate more nominators.

Fast-unstake is now available on Kusama. This allows instant unstaking if you have not participated in staking in the last 28 eras. https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/12129

First, any outstanding multisig calls (ones where one signatory has signed, but not the threshold) will not be able to execute. Please either finish your multisig calls before this upgrade, or wait until after it is completed. https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/pull/12072

Github: https://github.com/paritytech/substrate