enforce
pyright
enforce | pyright | |
---|---|---|
3 | 135 | |
541 | 12,055 | |
- | 1.5% | |
0.0 | 9.8 | |
about 2 years ago | 6 days ago | |
Python | Python | |
- | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
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enforce
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Python’s “Type Hints” are a bit of a disappointment to me
Every point in this blog post strikes me as either (1) unaware of the tooling around python typing other than mypy, or (2) a criticism of static-typing-bolted-on-to-a-dynamically-typed-language, rather than Python's hints. Regarding (1), my advise to OP is to try out Pyright, Pydantic, and Typeguard. Pyright, especailly, is amazing and makes the process of working with type hints 2 or 3 times smoother IMO. And, I don't think points that fall under (2) are fair criticisms of type *hints*. They are called hints for a reason.
Otherwise, here's a point-by-point response, either recommending OP checks out tooling, or showing that the point being made is not specific to Python.
> type hints are not binding.
There are projects [0][1] that allow you to enforce type hints at runtime if you so choose.
It's worth mentioning that this is very analogous to how Typescript does it, in that type info is erased completely at runtime.
> Type checking is your job after all, ...[and that] requires maintenance.
There are LSPs like Pyright[2] (pyright specifically is the absolute best, IMO) that report type errors as you code. Again, this is very very similar to typescript.
> There is an Any type and it renders everything useless
I have never seen a static-typing tool that was bolted on to a dynamically typed language, without an `Any` type, including typescript.
> Duck type compatibility of int and float
The author admits that they cannot state why this behavior is problematic, except for saying that it's "ambiguous".
> Most projects need third-party type hints
Again, this is a criticism of all cases where static types are bolted on dynamically typed languages, not Python's implementation specifically.
> Sadly, dataclasses ignore type hints as well
Pydantic[3] is an amazing data parsing library that takes advantage of type hints, and it's interface is a superset of that of dataclasses. What's more, it underpins FastAPI[4], an amazing API-backend framework (with 44K Github stars).
> Type inference and lazy programmers
The argument of this section boils down to using `Any` as a generic argument not being an error by default. This is configurable to be an error both in Pyright[5], and mypy[6].
> Exceptions are not covered [like Java]
I can't find the interview/presentation, but Guido Van Rossum specifically calls out Java's implementation of "exception annotations" as a demonstration of why that is a bad idea, and that it would never happen in Python. I'm not saying Guido's opinion is the absolute truth, but just letting you know that this is an explicit decision, not an unwanted shortcoming.
[0] https://github.com/RussBaz/enforce
[1] https://github.com/agronholm/typeguard
[2] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
[3] https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io
[4] https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi
[5] https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/configur...
[6] https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config_file.html#confv...
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Unit tests & type hinting
Not by default. But there are libraries to enforce types. https://github.com/RussBaz/enforce or/and https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/
- Type validation decorator
pyright
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Enhance Your Project Quality with These Top Python Libraries
Pyright is a fast type checker meant for large Python source bases. It can run in a “watch” mode and performs fast incremental updates when files are modified.
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How to speed up Pyright + eglot.
However, I made it faster for my use-case by changing some settings. Neovim allows to have these settings in the setup function for LSP. I was trying to figure out how do I change these settings with doom emacs. Pyright docs suggest to have these settings in pyrightconfig.json.
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Mypy 1.6 Released
Not exactly what you are looking for but maybe useful to others.
https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/mypy-com...
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VSCodium – Libre Open Source Software Binaries of VS Code
You can use pyright instead[0]. It is the FOSS version of pyright, but having some features missing.
[0]: https://github.com/microsoft/pyright
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How do you enable semantic highlighting for Python?
Unfortunately, pyright explicitly stated that they are not interested in inlay hints or other language server features, that those will only be added to pylance. That's why I added it myself instead of submitting a pull request to pyright. See https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/issues/4325
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How do I enable an LSP for json files?
return { -- add pyright to lspconfig { "neovim/nvim-lspconfig", ---@class PluginLspOpts opts = { ---@type lspconfig.options servers = { -- Listed servers will be automatically loaded to buffers jsonls = { settings = { json = { format = { enable = true, }, }, validate = { enable = true }, }, }, pyright = { settings = { python = { analysis = { -- https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/settings.md autoSearchPaths = false, useLibraryCodeForTypes = true, diagnosticMode = "openFilesOnly", }, }, }, }, }, -- Add folding capability to use LSP for ufo plugin capabilities = { textDocument = { foldingRange = { dynamicRegistration = false, lineFoldingOnly = true, }, }, }, }, }, }
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VSCode isn't Recognizing installed Python Modules?
[{ "resource": "/Documents/Coding/VSCode/Projects/Photoeditor/PhotoEditor.py", "owner": "_generated_diagnostic_collection_name_#0", "code": { "value": "reportMissingModuleSource", "target": { "$mid": 1, "external": "https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/configuration.md#reportMissingModuleSource", "path": "/microsoft/pyright/blob/main/docs/configuration.md", "scheme": "https", "authority": "github.com", "fragment": "reportMissingModuleSource" } }, "severity": 4, "message": "Import \"requests\" could not be resolved from source", "source": "Pylance", "startLineNumber": 2, "startColumn": 8, "endLineNumber": 2, "endColumn": 16 }]
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Pyright does not respect virtualenv (astronvim)
I don't use astro, but you can configure pyright by using a pyrightconfig.json or directly in the LSP configuration.
- Eglot + pyright can not get completion on django.db.models
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Remote Development, Python IDE.
I prefer jedi over pyright as pyright has crippled documentation support outside of VSCode. I also found jedi is make correct suggestions based on inferred type in some situations where pyright would need type annotation to provide completions, pyright is significantly faster though. Jedi with mypy and flake8 is comparable to pyright I think, but unfortunately mypy wasn't working over tramp. Also isort wasn't working over tramp, but jedi, black, importmagic and flake8 all worked.
What are some alternatives?
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints
jedi-language-server - A Python language server exclusively for Jedi. If Jedi supports it well, this language server should too.
pydantic-to-typescript - CLI Tool for converting pydantic models into typescript definitions
mypy - Optional static typing for Python
Nim - Nim is a statically typed compiled systems programming language. It combines successful concepts from mature languages like Python, Ada and Modula. Its design focuses on efficiency, expressiveness, and elegance (in that order of priority).
python-lsp-server - Fork of the python-language-server project, maintained by the Spyder IDE team and the community
streamlit-pydantic - 🪄 Auto-generate Streamlit UI from Pydantic Models and Dataclasses.
python-language-server - Microsoft Language Server for Python
libsa4py - LibSA4Py: Light-weight static analysis for extracting type hints and features
coc-jedi - coc.nvim wrapper for https://github.com/pappasam/jedi-language-server
returnn - The RWTH extensible training framework for universal recurrent neural networks
pylance-release - Documentation and issues for Pylance