egg
dafny
egg | dafny | |
---|---|---|
25 | 32 | |
1,239 | 2,763 | |
2.7% | 4.4% | |
6.8 | 9.7 | |
10 days ago | 7 days ago | |
Rust | C# | |
MIT License | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
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egg
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An Introduction to Graph Theory
Maybe program optimization?
https://egraphs-good.github.io/
- The E-graph extraction problem is NP-complete
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What is the state of the art for creating domain-specific languages (DSLs) with Rust?
For semantic analyzers, check out egg and egglog. They're custom data structures for representing compiler rewrite rules in a non-destructive way.
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Ask HN: What is new in Algorithms / Data Structures these days?
E-graphs are pretty awesome, and worth keeping in your back pocket. They're like union-find structures, except they also maintain congruence relations (i.e. if `x` and `y` are in the same set, then `f(x)` and `f(y)` must likewise be in the same set).
https://egraphs-good.github.io/
(Incidentally, union-find structures are also great to know about. But they're not exactly "new".)
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What are the current hot topics in type theory and static analysis?
I would add that Equality saturation/E-graphs has become quite a hot topic recently, since their POPL21 paper, with workshops dedicated to applications of e-graphs. They have even recently been added to Cranelift as an IR for optimizations.
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Compiler Optimizations Are Hard Because They Forget
Egraphs solve the rewrite ordering problem quite nicely. https://egraphs-good.github.io/
Note that one solution to this problem is to use equality saturation (which, coincidentally, has a great implementation in rust!).
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Modularity in IR representation and modification
Have you thought about trying to parallelize e-graphs? This way you can do a bunch of rewrite rules in parallel and then extract your desired graph at the end instead of having conflicts.
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Any recommendations for good resources that show how algorithms and data structures are converted into fpga circuits
I think the equality saturation papers are a good start. A good start is egg. They have a presentation, a research paper and code you can play with. I think ultimately you want to translate arithmetic operations into logical operation that can be understood by the fpga. So I think it would be good to research how adders and multipliers are implemented in logic and ultimately include equalities between adders/multipliers with their logical counterpart. Note the this translation also depends on the representations of your numbers and their bit width.
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Strategies for doing symbolic integration algorithmically
For rewriting, you may also find interesing equality saturation: https://egraphs-good.github.io/
dafny
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Verified Rust for low-level systems code
For those that are interested but perhaps not aware in this similar project, Dafny is a "verification-aware programming language" that can compile to rust: https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny
- Dafny is a verification-aware programming language
- Candy – a minimalistic functional programming language
- Dafny – a verification-aware programming language
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Lean4 helped Terence Tao discover a small bug in his recent paper
Code correctness is a lost art. I requirement to think in abstractions is what scares a lot of devs to avoid it. The higher abstraction language (formal specs) focus on a dedicated language to describe code, whereas lower abstractions (code contracts) basically replace validation logic with a better model.
C# once had Code Contracts[1]; a simple yet powerful way to make formal specifications. The contracts was checked at compile time using the Z3 SMT solver[2]. It was unfortunately deprecated after a few years[3] and once removed from the .NET Runtime it was declared dead.
The closest thing C# now have is probably Dafny[4] while the C# dev guys still try to figure out how to implement it directly in the language[5].
[1] https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/code-contra...
[2] https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3
[3] https://github.com/microsoft/CodeContracts
[4] https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny
[5] https://github.com/dotnet/csharplang/issues/105
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The Deep Link Equating Math Proofs and Computer Programs
I don't think something that specific exists. There are a very large number of formal methods tools, each with different specialties / domains.
For verification with proof assistants, [Software Foundations](https://softwarefoundations.cis.upenn.edu/) and [Concrete Semantics](http://concrete-semantics.org/) are both solid.
For verification via model checking, you can check out [Learn TLA+](https://learntla.com/), and the more theoretical [Specifying Systems](https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/book-02-08-08.pdf).
For more theory, check out [Formal Reasoning About Programs](http://adam.chlipala.net/frap/).
And for general projects look at [F*](https://www.fstar-lang.org/) and [Dafny](https://dafny.org/).
- Dafny
- The Dafny Programming and Verification Language
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In Which I Claim Rich Hickey Is Wrong
Dafny and Whiley are two examples with explicit verification support. Idris and other dependently typed languages should all be rich enough to express the required predicate but might not necessarily be able to accept a reasonable implementation as proof. Isabelle, Lean, Coq, and other theorem provers definitely can express the capability but aren't going to churn out much in the way of executable programs; they're more useful to guide an implementation in a more practical functional language but then the proof is separated from the implementation, and you could also use tools like TLA+.
https://dafny.org/
https://whiley.org/
https://www.idris-lang.org/
https://isabelle.in.tum.de/
https://leanprover.github.io/
https://coq.inria.fr/
http://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/tla.html
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Programming Languages Going Above and Beyond
> I think we can assume it won't be as efficient has hand written code
Actually, surprisingly, not necessarily the case!
If you'll refer to the discussion in https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny/issues/601 and in https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny/issues/547, Dafny can statically prove that certain compiler branches are not possible and will never be taken (such as out-of-bounds on index access, logical assumptions about whether a value is greater than or less than some other value, etc). This lets you code in the assumptions (__assume in C++ or unreachable_unchecked() under rust) that will allow the compiler to optimize the codegen using this information.
What are some alternatives?
prose - Microsoft Program Synthesis using Examples SDK is a framework of technologies for the automatic generation of programs from input-output examples. This repo includes samples and sample data for the Microsoft Program Synthesis using Example SDK.
tlaplus - TLC is a model checker for specifications written in TLA+. The TLA+Toolbox is an IDE for TLA+.
Symbolics.jl - Symbolic programming for the next generation of numerical software
FStar - A Proof-oriented Programming Language
Catlab.jl - A framework for applied category theory in the Julia language
rust - Rust for the xtensa architecture. Built in targets for the ESP32 and ESP8266
Dagger.jl - A framework for out-of-core and parallel execution
koka - Koka language compiler and interpreter
glow - Compiler for Neural Network hardware accelerators
Rust-for-Linux - Adding support for the Rust language to the Linux kernel.
StaticArrays.jl - Statically sized arrays for Julia
interactive - .NET Interactive combines the power of .NET with many other languages to create notebooks, REPLs, and embedded coding experiences. Share code, explore data, write, and learn across your apps in ways you couldn't before.