dumb-init
systemd
dumb-init | systemd | |
---|---|---|
10 | 517 | |
6,700 | 12,516 | |
0.5% | 1.6% | |
0.0 | 10.0 | |
25 days ago | 1 day ago | |
Python | C | |
MIT License | GNU General Public License v3.0 only |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
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dumb-init
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Fargate: catching docker stopping
I think you are on the right track in thinking it’s a signal handling issue. You mentioned using some “bash scripts”, have you tried something like dumb-init?
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"systemd doesn't follow Unix philosophy "
At the other extreme, there's dumb-init - it implements the special pid-1 behaviors and acts as a wrapper around the one script you want to run. It's ideal for containers or virtual machines that don't need user logins or more than one service.
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What should readiness & liveness probe actually check for?
Oh, and another thing. Many containers launch their main process from a shell script. When this happens, the shell script receives the SIGTERM event, not the application. Your shell script MUST relay SIGTERM events back to the main process, and it doesn’t happen by default. You can use a shell script wrapper, like dumb-init (https://github.com/yelp/dumb-init), as your entry point if you need to use a shell script on container startup.
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Distro balls
It's a plus because Gentoo fully supports the choice of Systemd or OpenRC. It also has minit, dumb-init, sysvinit, cinit in tree for the more adventurous. No one was calling the AUR bloat, the parent comment just mentions that Gentoo has an equivalent project, GURU.
- How to make containers handle the SIGTERM signal which makes K8s terminate application gracefully?
- Show HN: EnvKey 2.0 – End-To-End Encrypted Environments (now open source)
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`COPY –chmod` reduced the size of my container image by 35%
, but I prefer to not have to make this assumption and use an init system instead.
[1]: https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init
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Systemd by Example
> It has no init system.
Apologies that I can't link directly to the "--init" flag but docker actually does have an init, it's just (err, was?) compiled into the binary: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/#op...
My recollection is that it either adopted, or inspired, https://github.com/Yelp/dumb-init#readme which folks used to put into their Dockerfile as the init system back in the day
Folks (ahem, I'm looking at you, eks-anywhere[0]) who bundle systemd into a docker container are gravely misguided, and the ones which do so for the ability to launch sshd alongside the actual container's main process are truly, truly lost
0: https://github.com/aws/eks-anywhere/issues/838#issuecomment-...
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Question: How to handle events to safely terminate a Node.js inside Docker container
You can use something like dumb-init which is designed to correctly handle signals
- Docker e Nodejs - Dockerizando sua aplicação com boas praticas
systemd
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Run0 – systemd based alternative to sudo announced
> 3. even `adduser` will not allow it by default
5. useradd does allow it (as noted in a comment). 6. Local users are not the only source, there things like LDAP and AD.
7. POSIX allows it:
* https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/6237#issuecomment-...
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Systemd Rolling Out "run0" As sudo Alternative
> I for one love to type out 13 extra characters
FWIW, systemd is normally pretty good at providing autocomplete suggestions, so even if you don't want to set up an alias you'll probably just have to type `--b ` to set it.
> I wonder what random ASCII escape sequences we can send.
According to the man page source[0]:
> The color specified should be an ANSI X3.64 SGR background color, i.e. strings such as `40`, `41`, …, `47`, `48;2;…`, `48;5;…`
and a link to the relevant Wikipedia page[1]. Given systemd's generally decent track record wrt defects and security issues, and the simplicity of valid colour values, I expect there's a fairly robust parameter verifier in there.
In fact, given the focus on starting the elevated command in a highly controlled environment, I'd expect the colour codes to be output to the originating terminal, not forwarded to the secure pty. That way, the only thing malformed escapes can affect is your own process, which you already have full control over anyway.
(Happy to be shown if that's a mistaken expectation though.)
[0] https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/main/man/run0.xml
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#SGR_(Select_G...
- Crash-only software: More than meets the eye
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Systemd Wants to Expand to Include a Sudo Replacement
bash & zsh are supported by upstream: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/tree/main/shell-completio...
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"Run0" as a Sudo Replacement
the right person to replace sudo, not: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/6237
PS: https://pwnies.com/systemd-bugs/
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Linux fu: getting started with systemd
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/32028#issuecomment...
There are some very compelling arguments made there if you care to read them
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Ubuntu 24.04 (and Debian) removed libsystemd from SSH server dependencies
Maybe it was because you weren't pointing out anything new?
There was a pull request to stop linking libzma to systemd before the attack even took place
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/31550
This was likely one of many things that pushed the attackers to work faster, and forced them into making mistakes.
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Systemd minimizing required dependencies for libsystemd
The PR for changing compression libraries to use dlopen() was opened several weeks before the xz-utils backdoor was revealed.
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/31550
- Going in circles without a real-time clock
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The xz sshd backdoor rabbithole goes quite a bit deeper
I find this the most plausible explanation by far:
* The highly professional outfit simply did not see teknoraver's commit to remove liblzma as standard dependency of systemd build scripts coming.
* The race was on between their compromised code and that commit. They had to win it, with as large a window as possible.
* This caused serious errors.
* The performance regression is __not__ big. It's lucky Andres caught it at all. It's also not necessarily all that simple to remove it. It's not simply a bug in a loop or some such.
* The payload of the 'hack' contains fairly easy ways for the xz hackers to update the payload. They actually used it to remove a real issue where their hackery causes issues with valgrind that might lead to discovering it, and they also used it to release 5.6.1 which rewrites significant chunks; I've as yet not read, nor know of any analysis, as to why they changed so much.
Extra info for those who don't know:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/3fc72d54132151c131...
That's a commit that changes how liblzma is a dependency of systemd. Not because the author of this commit knew anything was wrong with it. But, pretty much entirely by accident (although removing deps was part of the point of that commit), almost entirely eliminates the value of all those 2 years of hard work.
And that was with the finish line in sight for the xz hackers: On 24 feb 2024, the xz hackers release liblzma 5.6.0 which is the first fully operational compromised version. __12 days later systemd merges a commit that means it won't work__.
So now the race is on. Can they get 5.6.0 integrated into stable releases of major OSes _before_ teknoraver's commit that removes liblzma's status as direct dep of systemd?
I find it plausible that they knew about teknoraver's commit _just before_ Feb 24th 2024 (when liblzma v5.6.0 was released, the first backdoored release), and rushed to release ASAP, before doing the testing you describe. Buoyed by their efforts to add ways to update the payload which they indeed used - March 8th (after teknoraver's commit was accepted) it was used to fix the valgrind issue.
So, no, I don't find this weird, and I don't think the amateurish aspects should be taken as some sort of indication that parts of the outfit were amateuristic. As long as it's plausible that the amateuristic aspects were simply due to time pressure, it sounds like a really bad idea to make assumptions in this regard.
What are some alternatives?
tini - A tiny but valid `init` for containers
openrc - The OpenRC init system
docker-centos7-systemd-unpriv - Dockerfile for CentOS7 with Systemd in unprivileged mode
eks-anywhere - Run Amazon EKS on your own infrastructure 🚀
inotify-tools - inotify-tools is a C library and a set of command-line programs providing a simple interface to inotify.
compiling-containers
s6 - The s6 supervision suite.
ko - Build and deploy Go applications
earlyoom - earlyoom - Early OOM Daemon for Linux
vault-exfiltrate - proof-of-concept for recovering the master key from a Hashicorp Vault process
supervisor - Supervisor process control system for Unix (supervisord)