beartype VS Kategory

https://github.com/beartype/beartype

I wish more people started using Beartype, it makes Python bearable

I saw this on /r/Python the other day...

As other folks have commented, type hints are now a big deal. For static typing the best checker is pyright. For runtime checking there is typeguard and beartype. These can be integrated with array libraries through jaxtyping. (Which also works for PyTorch/numpy/etc., despite the name.)

Maybe you're looking for https://github.com/beartype/beartype for runtime type enforcement; it's only at function calls, though, but probably a decent solution for codebases that are not completely typed for MyPy or pyright.

It is though, if you add a type checker to your pipeline and use it without any escape hatches such as `Any` or `type: ignore`, you are essentially making the promise that your code is statically typed. But I say it is a matter of perspective because in my opinion runtime type checking should be avoided if we can get away with statically typed code, but there are type checkers that perform runtime type checking via annotations such as [Beartype](https://github.com/beartype/beartype) (with some trickery like assuming homogenous data structures as to not have to check every element of every structure). Anyway the definition of "type safe" is not 100% even in compiled languages.

There is the beartype project.

Personally I find working around mypy's quirks to be more effort than it's worth, so to offer another option: typeguard or beartype can be used to perform run-time type checking.

Yeah, it has nice funcional capabilities and libraries (like Arrow[0]).

[0]: https://arrow-kt.io

Last but not least, Scala is currently the language with one of the best effect systems in my opinion (https://zio.dev/). Kotlin for example has copied the approach with https://arrow-kt.io/ which I think is great actually. But when comparing Scala and Kotlin here, Scala wins by a large margin, it is a completely different world. It's like building a highly concurrent system in Erlang vs C.

Of course, if you don't want to learn things like union types, traits/typeclasses and effects (similar to async/await but more powerful) you will be annoyed by Scala. But once you learned them, you can never go back.

In my own code, I started to use explicit error handling. I'm currently experimenting with Result (from https://github.com/michaelbull/kotlin-result) and Raise (from https://arrow-kt.io/).

Are there any more-or-less established functional crates in Rust (similar to Kotlin’s Arrow)?

I wonder how the community sees adding Arrow besides standard Kotlin language features. Is it something that's still considered useful or just redundant and causing more confusion?

You can define a function like context(EitherEffect) suspend fun MyType.bind(path: String)like the ones in https://github.com/arrow-kt/arrow/blob/b608a054a5318fe57d7055c35bb64a5effb053b6/arrow-libs/core/arrow-core/src/commonMain/kotlin/arrow/core/computations/either.kt