UnsignedFlash
ME7Sum
UnsignedFlash | ME7Sum | |
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3 | 1 | |
8 | 76 | |
- | - | |
4.2 | 0.0 | |
over 2 years ago | over 1 year ago | |
C | ||
- | - |
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UnsignedFlash
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ECU resources
JG Lim's Mercedes instrument cluster exploit: https://github.com/jglim/UnsignedFlash . A good example of a common issue in modern control units.
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Hyundai car software update private keys came from easily Googleable sample code
That's pretty cool! I wonder how properly they were really signed - there are _so many_ mistakes even in systems that at least don't use an example key off the Internet.
The most common ones I know of are:
* Out-of-bounds write issues allowing "signature was validated" flags to be overwritten in Flash memory, like https://github.com/jglim/UnsignedFlash
* State machine mistakes, like https://github.com/bri3d/VW_Flash/blob/master/docs/docs.md - allowing Flash to be written again after it was already written, without an erase first.
* Filesystem parsing mistakes, like those in a number of VW AG head units: https://github.com/jilleb/mib2-toolbox/issues/122
* The use of RSA with E=3 and inadequate padding validation, like https://words.filippo.io/bleichenbacher-06-signature-forgery... .
* Failure to understand the system boundaries, like in the second part of https://github.com/bri3d/simos18_sboot where "secret" data can be recovered by halting the system during a checksum process.
* Hardware fault injection issues, as used in https://fahrplan.events.ccc.de/congress/2015/Fahrplan/system... .
Fundamentally this is of course, a very hard problem, since in the "protect against firmware modification" case, the attacker has physical access. But, compared to the state of the art in mobile devices and game consoles, automotive stuff is still way behind.
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Hacking a VW Golf Power Steering ECU
My writeups and JG Lim's cover three of the common mistakes in modern modules (supplier backdoor bugs in Simos supplier bootloader, state machine issues in Simos VW bootloader, and block buffer validity confusion / bounds check issues in Mercedes instrument cluster).
ME7Sum
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ECU resources
ME7Sum: https://github.com/nyetwurk/ME7Sum . Reads, analyzes, and fixes the complex proprietary checksum system used in old Bosch ECUs. Checksums in newer control units have mostly gotten simpler as more RAM and CPU were available and "multipoint" schemes were less necessary. Also can correct the very silly ME7.5 RSA signature system, where firmware was signed but self-checked using a public key contained... inside of the firmware. So the key could just be replaced and the firmware re-signed. Interesting read to understand the often arcane proprietary checksum routines manufacturers love to use.
What are some alternatives?
mib2-toolbox - The ultimate MIB2-HIGH toolbox.
Simos18_SBOOT - Documentation and tools about Simos18 SBOOT (Supplier Bootloader), including a Seed/Key bypass and Tricore boot password recovery tool.
NefMotoOpenSource - Open source collaborative projects driven by the NefMoto.com community
apps-inoeg - Kiebitz Web Applications (for users, providers and mediators). Still a work-in-progress, use with care!
ME7RomTool_Ferrari - Bosch ME7.3H4 RomTool for Ferrari 360's
sa2_seed_key - VW SA2 Seed/Key Authentication for Programming Sessions
OpenJ2534 - Open (and Closed) Source J2534 Resources for Automotive Diagnostics, Reprogramming & Tuning
VW_Flash - Flashing tools for VW AG control units over UDS. Compression, encryption, RSA bypass, and checksums are supported for Simos18.1/6/10, DQ250-MQB, DQ381-MQB, and Haldex4Motion-Gen5-MQB.