FStar VS Element

I don't think something that specific exists. There are a very large number of formal methods tools, each with different specialties / domains.

For verification with proof assistants, [Software Foundations](https://softwarefoundations.cis.upenn.edu/) and [Concrete Semantics](http://concrete-semantics.org/) are both solid.

For verification via model checking, you can check out [Learn TLA+](https://learntla.com/), and the more theoretical [Specifying Systems](https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/book-02-08-08.pdf).

For more theory, check out [Formal Reasoning About Programs](http://adam.chlipala.net/frap/).

And for general projects look at [F*](https://www.fstar-lang.org/) and [Dafny](https://dafny.org/).

Don't get me wrong, there are times when Microsoft got it right the first time that was technically far superior to their competitors. Windows IOCP was theoretically capable of doing C10K as far back in 1994-95 when there wasn't any hardware support yet and UNIX world was bickering over how to do asynchronous I/O. Years later POSIX came up with select which was a shoddy little shit in comparison. Linux caved in finally only as recently as 2019 and implemented io_uring. Microsoft research has contributed some very interesting things to computer science like Z3 SAT solver and in collaboration with INRIA made languages like F* and Low* for formal specification and verification. But all this dwarfs in comparison to all the harm they did.

Most of the proof assistants out there: Lean, Coq, Dafny, Isabelle, F*, Idris 2, and Agda. And the main concepts are dependent types, Homotopy Type Theory AKA HoTT, and Category Theory. Warning: HoTT and Category Theory are really dense, you're going to really need to research them.

F* is a dependently typed language that can be transpiled to idiomatic C via the KReMLin compiler. It’s very ML-ish to write and you can leave out some proofs. It also has the benefit of being used to write a formally verified TLS implementation that’s in wide use throughout industry.

As I said, dependent types attempt to solve this problem. F* is a language where you can express complex logic as a type. The catch is, these types are checked by an SMT solver. If the solver can satisfy the type checking, then great, and you move on. If it can’t, you have no idea why, and either have to guess or manually write the proof anyway. Contrast this with Standard ML which has a proof of the soundness of its type system.

So kind of like F*? https://www.fstar-lang.org/

F*

Nevermind that academia has come up with far safer ways to do a few things but social norms & inertia prevent their wider adoption (well okay, it also has a barrier to entry in the education required to use it but I don't think someone with the knowledge to meaningfully contribute to an OS kernel can be considered uneducated nor unable to learn).

Maybe that's a little off topic here, but if you like fixing bugs, i suspect you might also enjoy showing that there are no bugs at all. Check out languages like F* https://www.fstar-lang.org/ It's a proof-oriented programming language. You can use it to write code that has no bugs at all. And you once you're done, can convert F* to C or other languages.

I made an account in Cinny using my Github account. I am trying to migrate my account into element.io. How do I do this? Forgot password is not even an option in Cinny.

Element is an open-source instant messaging client built on the Matrix protocol, offering users features such as end-to-end encryption, file sharing, and voice/video calls. The self-hosted version accommodates up to 200 users at no charge, providing a budget-saving secure and collaborative communication platform. perthguppy describes it as a "slack style team chat."

Hello! I am offering my services as a C and C++ tutor/teacher for $25 an hour. You pay at the end of each hour and you can walk away without paying for the first hour if you are unsatisfied. I can work with beginners through the upper intermediate level. I can either tutor you while you take an existing course or teach you from scratch. As for my experience, I've been working with C++ for over three years, driven by my love of learning, programming, and technology. I’ve worked with over 50 clients during the past year with all positive feedback. Below is my policy when dealing with less familiar subjects. While C and C++ are the languages I am most experienced with, I regularly take on jobs in other languages. When working with subjects I am not overly or at all familiar with, I only charge $20 an hour, sometimes with additional discounts. This is to compensate for the extra time I may need to spend on the project. I am a quick learner who can learn what I need to help you through your course as you go. I have done this with many people before with great results. Please note this works best the closer you are to the start of your course. The following are subjects I have tutored for at least one semester: C, C++, Python, OpenGL, operating systems, drivers, R, and Web Assembly. I addition, I have some limited experience in the following subjects: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Lua, Bash, Vulkan, CMake, NASM, Pandas, and Asio. Again, please keep in mind that even if your subject is not listed, I may still be able to help you. Please DM me if you are interested in hiring me or have any questions at all. We will work via Element (https://element.io) voice/screen share calls, so please make sure you have a mic available. I look forward to hearing from you.

- Various GUI instability bugs: chats that are suddenly empty, text suddenly randomly overlaid on other text

1: https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/24392

"You can set up an account and download the ELEMENT chat app on your phone or pc https://element.io/ so I can get you in contact with the hiring officer as soon as possible."