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He explains this at his github repo, it's a statistical parameter to try to adjust for lack of proper control group (this is real-world data after data):
https://github.com/dviraran/covid_analyses
"However, an underlying assumption here is that the incidence rates of those that were vaccinated early are similar to the general population. Previous analyses have shown that this is not the case as older populations have lower incidence and lower socio-economic groups have higher incidence.4 Therefore, we perform a sensitivity analysis by adjusting incidence rates using different levels of beta values (Figure 1)..."