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At least in my field (computational plasma physics), the majority of software is (in descending order) Fortran (e.g., SOLPS-ITER), Python (e.g., IPS; OMFIT; UEDGE), and C/C++ (e.g., BOUT++; Exascale Computing Project tools).
At least in my field (computational plasma physics), the majority of software is (in descending order) Fortran (e.g., SOLPS-ITER), Python (e.g., IPS; OMFIT; UEDGE), and C/C++ (e.g., BOUT++; Exascale Computing Project tools).
Rust is also another possibility: it's basically C++ but more modern with added features and safety. It can be tricky to write mathematical stuff in it, because you may not care too much about all the safety concerns Rust forces you to handle, but it can be useful to catch bugs ahead of times. Sadly, Rust seems to have no library for running programs on clusters of PCs, except maybe this one, which takes the Actor model implemented by Actix and runs it on a cluster. I don't know how tricky it is to use the Actor model for a scientific simulation, tho.
Rust is also another possibility: it's basically C++ but more modern with added features and safety. It can be tricky to write mathematical stuff in it, because you may not care too much about all the safety concerns Rust forces you to handle, but it can be useful to catch bugs ahead of times. Sadly, Rust seems to have no library for running programs on clusters of PCs, except maybe this one, which takes the Actor model implemented by Actix and runs it on a cluster. I don't know how tricky it is to use the Actor model for a scientific simulation, tho.