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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.
e.g. if you're interested in biology / bioinformatics, I can suggest looking at https://github.com/Genenetwork/Genenetwork2 which is the python back-end for http://www.genenetwork.org/ a database / analysis system used in mouse genetics research.
If you're interested in physics, check out this list of open source physics projects (not all python, but some are): https://github.com/wbierbower/awesome-physics
NOTE:
The number of mentions on this list indicates mentions on common posts plus user suggested alternatives.
Hence, a higher number means a more popular project.