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InfluxDB
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As mentioned, iCalendar is the standard for files, with CalDAV being the standard on the server side. Some calendar clients will handle the syncing for you (IIRC, Thunderbird will do this). If you don't want to be tied to a specific client, you can set up vdirsyncer to pull from any CalDAV server (Nextcloud, Google Calendar, Radicale, etc.) and sync the events to iCalendar files on your local machine(s). Then use any iCalendar client to access them (e.g. khal/calcurse on the cli, Orage/Thunderbird as a gui).
If you've got the gumption and love emacs, there are even some tools for converting icalendar files to org-mode (an uber-powerful markdown-like language), and vice-versa.