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Paper
The most widely used, high performance Minecraft server that aims to fix gameplay and mechanics inconsistencies
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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.
Not at the moment. Eventual the goal is to support offline gameplay, at least for single player, but right now you need a Mojang account to play. Note that I say Mojang account, as Microsoft accounts are currently not supported yet.
Also, there are mods of the official server with performance improvements, for example PaperMC is one of them
For the server you should look into Cuberite, same thing but for the server and written in C++.
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