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There were a bunch of attempts in the past. Cuberite is still actively maintained but I have never tried them: https://github.com/cuberite/cuberite
You could. Glowstone is a Minecraft server written in Java (without any of Mojang's code) but it is still not feature complete from what I heard, so things are missing. When I tried it, it seemed pretty solid and fast though.
NOTE:
The number of mentions on this list indicates mentions on common posts plus user suggested alternatives.
Hence, a higher number means a more popular project.