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Just for fun, I added pdqsort to the benchmark:
https://github.com/orlp/pdqsort
Here are some of the results on an Ivy Bridge hackintosh:
size, qsort, inline, sort, stable_sort, pdqsort, radix7
This article doesn't really make it clear but the merge sort discussion is specifically about glibc's implementation of qsort(). glibc's qsort() and Wine's qsort() are the only ones I know of that use merge sort to implement qsort(). Most implementations use quick sort.
I recently did my own benchmarking on various qsort()s since I was trying to implement a faster one. The various BSDs and macOS qsort() are all faster than glibc at sorting integers and they don't allocate memory:
https://github.com/ludocode/pottery/tree/master/examples/pot...
Of course sorting is much faster if you can inline the comparator so a templated sort algorithm is always going to be faster than a function that takes a function pointer. But this does not require C++; it can be done in plain C. The templated intro_sort from Pottery (linked above) is competitive with std::sort, as are the excellent swensort/sort templates:
https://github.com/swenson/sort