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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.
Check out Sonic Pi.
Further digging led me to the Csound project, which has an API that can be accessed via Python as it has Python bindings, as well as this with a similiar premise but available via cffi: https://github.com/csound/ctcsound
NOTE:
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Hence, a higher number means a more popular project.