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You'd be surprised how much friction you'd have for C++ reflection. First, since it's a custom build step, you can do a mix of custom code gen and C++ constexpr/consteval for static reflection. Here's a header-only implementation for adding compile time reflection purely within the language [1]. And v8 already does dynamic code gen as part of its build process (to generate the snapshot to speedup instantiation of the isolate). Dynamic reflection is a must since JS is a dynamic language with reflection support.
Now of course, I don't know the specific details of reflection needed for the abstractions you reference and clearly V8 is still doing some amount of manual IR generation, so it's possible it would be a substantial investment to actually retrofit those techniques into v8. One would have to do a careful analysis of historical security exploits & specific techniques and their ability to prevent to figure out if it's worth adding those abstractions (especially since there is a potential performance tradeoff as you mention). As I said, I think there's insufficient research in this area to establish a compelling body of best practices (not to take away from the contributions of the GraalJS team to this space).
[1] https://github.com/veselink1/refl-cpp
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