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This is only the first part; it'll get more complicated when the Western Harbour Tunnel is built and connected to it. You can see the opened parts and the planned parts on OpenStreetMap: https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=16/-33.8723/151.1662
Motorways in Sydney have an interesting history. After the Second World War, the County of Cumberland Plan provided for a radial motorway network. In the latter half of the twentieth century, once parts of the network had been built, local residents raised objections and the plan was changed to orbital motorways. For example, the Sydney-Newcastle expressway was supposed to run down through the Lane Cove Valley (near the current path of the M2) and then down to Huntley's Point, and into the CBD via the ANZAC Bridge. This explains the over-engineered junction at Huntley's Point. Similarly, the Warringah Expressway was supposed to run over Middle Harbour into the Northern Beaches, rather than directing the M2 over the Harbour Bridge. That's why it's called the Warringah Expressway despite not going to Warringah.
Sydney suffers from extraordinarily bad design. Lachlan Macquarie's ill-fated attempt to move the colonial capital to Parramatta, leaving Sydney as the port, would have solved an awful lot of problems, but was scuppered by the fact that economic power was held by the merchants, who wanted to stay close to their ships. The NSW Government's Three Cities plan is an attempt to fix this, but will be held back by two centuries of prestige held by the current CBD and its proximity to the North Shore and Eastern Suburbs.
The city also suffers from Menzian urban sprawl. The 'Great Australian Dream' of a quarter acre block with a freestanding house and a car (sewage connection optional) has created vast, unwieldy cities, where high frequency, topologically dense public transport is uneconomical. In the nineteenth-century inner city suburbs, the car is difficult to park; in the other suburbs, it is a prerequisite for civic and economic participation.
Sydney's suburban rail network runs on the same tracks as the regional passenger and freight trains. The fledgling Sydney Metro network incorporates contemporary technology and is fully grade separated, so that delays on one line don't cause a full network meltdown, as happens on the suburban network. However, despite being hailed as a high-throughput commuter network, it has stations further apart than the old railway network, and so is more difficult to use to actually go anywhere.
But China keeps buying the iron ore, so it'll be all right in the long run: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiNXIELdZO4