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Neat. I'm trying to write a browser, of a kind, which is focused on only presenting content, navigation, and an index of content where appropriate. I'll try to incorporate things like this into my thinking.
(Browser is here, very early stages, not appropriate for any kind of use really while I move to fltk: https://github.com/jmthackett/freeflow )
To pain broad strokes, the layout phase (~= take the HTML, take the CSS, determine the position and size of boxes) is largely sequential in production browser engine today. Selector matching (~= what CSS applies to what element) is parallel in Firefox today, via the Stylo Rust crate originally developed in the research browser engine Servo. Servo can do parallel layout in some capacity (but doesn't implement everything), https://github.com/servo/servo/wiki/Servo-Layout-Engines-Rep... is an interesting and recent document on the matter.
Parallel layout is generally considered to be a complex engineering problem by domain experts.
https://hacks.mozilla.org/2017/08/inside-a-super-fast-css-en... is a really cool article that is related, that is a few years old but what it says is largely correct today.