Briefcase: Convert a Python project into a standalone native application

• conveyor

  3 109 9.0 Kotlin

  Gradle plugin, user guide and discussion forums for Conveyor

  

Interesting timing! We're just in the middle of adding Python support to Hydraulic Conveyor, which is a similar tool [1]. There's a github issue [2] and mailing list that'll get notified when it's done. Disclosure: it's commercial but free for open source projects.

There are many of these open source packagers and they all share very similar problems:

1. They don't let you do software updates, even though software updates are practically mandatory for any real project. Electron is a stand-out here because it does address this, but their update engines are unmaintained for years and have some major unfixed problems (causes a lot of issues with Windows networks, for example).

2. Even in the very rare cases that they do, they don't let you force updates on launch even though many apps need something like this to keep up with protocol changes. It's one of the reasons people like web apps.

3. They don't help you with signing, usually being just thin wrappers around the native tooling. For example they don't simplify key management, they don't support cloud signing (essential since May because Microsoft now insist on HSMs for all keys, not just EV keys), they don't do notarization, they don't generate CSRs for you.

4. They require the use of CI to cross-build even when apps are written in portable frameworks that don't require compilation. This is because they are just thin wrappers around the native tooling.

5. They're invariably language specific even though there's no good reason to be because 80% of the work is the same regardless of what language or framework you use.

It's possible to bite the bullet, chew glass for a while and solve all these problems, which is what we did for Electron/JVM/Flutter/native apps. You can reimplement all the native tooling so users can cross-build (i.e. make Mac packages from Linux/Windows, Windows packages from Mac/Linux etc), which enables releasing from developer laptops or cheap Linux CI workers. You can support software update by integrating Sparkle on macOS, apt on Debian/Ubuntu and by using MSIX on Windows (and by then working around all the bugs in Windows to make it work well). You can generate download pages that work out the user's OS and gives them the right download, and instructions for how to install self-signed apps if the developer isn't code signing with a recognized certificate. You can abstract platform neutral things and expose platform specific things. Then you can write a parallel incremental build system so doing all the work is as fast as possible, and write lots of code to detect all the myriad mistakes people make and give good error messages or auto-fix them. Then you can make it support GitHub Releases. Then you can document it all.

But that big pile of glass isn't particularly tasty, which is why open source projects don't do it and we ask commercial users to pay for it.

Briefcase looks nice but it also seems to have all the problems listed above. I think once we add Python support Conveyor will be quite useful for the Python community, especially if we can find a workaround for pip not support cross-building of venvs. It would be great if you could just whip up a quick Python script, run one command and your installed clients start automatically updating, your download page updates, and the whole thing is no harder than releasing a static markdown-rendered website.

[1] https://hydraulic.dev/

[2] https://github.com/hydraulic-software/conveyor/issues/73

• Nuitka

  94 10,835 10.0 Python

  Nuitka is a Python compiler written in Python. It's fully compatible with Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, and 3.11. You feed it your Python app, it does a lot of clever things, and spits out an executable or extension module.

  

Nuitka deals pretty well with those in general: https://nuitka.net/

• WorkOS

  workos.com sponsored

  The modern identity platform for B2B SaaS. The APIs are flexible and easy-to-use, supporting authentication, user identity, and complex enterprise features like SSO and SCIM provisioning.

  

• passphrase-py

  2 13 10.0 Python

  A cryptographically secure passphrase and password generator

It's a cool trick, I used it to pack a tool long time ago: https://github.com/HacKanCuBa/passphrase-py/blob/219d6374338...

Basically, u zip the package, then add the shebang on the zip binary.

• python-build-standalone

  10 1,544 9.1 Python

  Produce redistributable builds of Python

I'm a huge fan of https://github.com/indygreg/python-build-standalone which provides Python builds that CAN be moved around and work independently of any other Python installation.

I used that for my own Python+Electron app, which I wrote about here: https://til.simonwillison.net/electron/python-inside-electro...

Suggest a related project