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For NetHack, part 1 comes up quite frequently because people like to port the game to new platforms / user interfaces, so there's a "windowport" system which exposes interfaces for gaining information about what the player can see – all the game's UI routines go through a small set of functions, which can be swapped out by recompiling the game (or you can even build NetHack as a library nowadays, so that you can link your own user interface against it). If you wanted to intercept part of the information about what the player could see, the easy way would be to modify an existing windowport to see that information and pass it to your interception tool (although this would require changing the game's source). If you were really set on not changing the source at all, you could probably use some sort of debugger API to intercept calls to the windowport, but changing the source is probably easier.
You should look at The Nethack Learning Environment.