typing
Python static typing home. Hosts the documentation and a user help forum. (by python)
runtype
Utilities for run-time type validation and multiple dispatch (by erezsh)
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| typing | runtype | |
|---|---|---|
| 38 | 4 | |
| 1,544 | 159 | |
| 1.6% | - | |
| 8.8 | 8.6 | |
| 9 days ago | 4 days ago | |
| Python | Python | |
| GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | MIT License |
The number of mentions indicates the total number of mentions that we've tracked plus the number of user suggested alternatives.
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
typing
Posts with mentions or reviews of typing.
We have used some of these posts to build our list of alternatives
and similar projects. The last one was on 2023-05-21.
- Writing Python like it’s Rust
- Library for single dispatch on Generic subscript
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Thoughts on nested / inner functions in Python for better encapsulation and clarity?
Iterable[str] is unfortunately evil as it matches str which is often unintended. (see: https://github.com/python/typing/issues/256) One would need both NOT-type and AND-type in order to properly handle these.
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How to be more Literal in Python
The basic motivation behind them is that functions can have arguments that can only take a specific set of values, and those functions return values/types change based on that input. Common examples are (you can find more here):
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Python 3.11.0b1 is out! Python 3.11 is now in feature freeze mode!
While yes 26 people liked the idea here: https://github.com/python/typing/issues/193
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Type Hinting - Constrain metaclass of typing.Type
but looking at relevant issues on GitHub it seems this has been shot down repeatedly. python/typing#18, python/typing#213
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What type hint should I use for "some container type" in general but explicitly exclude the str type?
See https://github.com/python/typing/issues/256 for a discussion.
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Type annotations: how to express list contravariance?
Lower bounds are not supported for TypeVars, unfortunately.
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I use attrs instead of pydantic
Mypy allows that because initial versions of PEP-484 allowed that. This has changed; here's the current wording on the PEP:
> This is no longer the recommended behavior. Type checkers should move towards requiring the optional type to be made explicit.
https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/#id29
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Can I walk through the entire hierarchy of object types?
Dunno, other, larger projects than the one I'm working on seem to run up against this from time to time. (rasa_core, to pick one example from near the top of a Google search; also Telethon, Blender, TensorFlow, Pandas. Guido also filed a bug on the typing module in an early version of Python 3.5 because of unexpected implications of this particular issue, so the problem isn't exactly purely theoretical.) That's aside from the wish for conceptual purity in the call signatures of classes and their subclasses, which is not always and automatically a bad wish to have; and the notion that a language that prides itself on its introspective faculties might want to make introspection of classes from the top of a class hierarchy possible, at least in theory? Perhaps to facility learning about the language and/or visualizing large class hierarchies easily, for instance?
runtype
Posts with mentions or reviews of runtype.
We have used some of these posts to build our list of alternatives
and similar projects. The last one was on 2021-03-09.
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Runtype 0.2 - faster than Pydantic, highly configurable, and with unique features for working with types at runtime.
Source code: https://github.com/erezsh/runtype
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Python and type hints
And you can use https://github.com/erezsh/runtype to verify at runtime that they are created and remain correct.
What are some alternatives?
When comparing typing and runtype you can also consider the following projects:
mypy - Optional static typing for Python
plum - Multiple dispatch in Python
pyre-check - Performant type-checking for python.
typeshed - Collection of library stubs for Python, with static types
fp-ts - Functional programming in TypeScript
pydantic - Data validation using Python type hints
Telethon - Pure Python 3 MTProto API Telegram client library, for bots too!
mashumaro - Fast and well tested serialization library
intellij-community - IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition & IntelliJ Platform
flask-parameter-validation - Get and validate all Flask input parameters with ease.
datamodel-code-generator - Pydantic model and dataclasses.dataclass generator for easy conversion of JSON, OpenAPI, JSON Schema, and YAML data sources.
pyannotate - Auto-generate PEP-484 annotations