the-power-of-prolog
racket
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the-power-of-prolog
- The Power of Prolog
- Advent of Code 2023 is nigh
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Using Prolog in Windows NT Network Configuration (1996)
Prolog is excellent for bikeshedding, in fact that might be its strongest axis. It starts with everything you get in a normal language such as naming things, indentation, functional purity vs side effects, where to break code into different files and builds on that with having your names try to make sense in declarative, relational, logical and imperative contexts, having your predicates (functions) usable in all modes - and then performant in all modes - having your code be deterministic, and then deterministic in all modes. Being 50 years old there are five decades of learning "idiomatic Prolog" ideas to choose from, and five decades of footguns pointing at your two feet; it has tabling, label(l)ing, SLD and SLG resolution to choose from. Built in constraint solvers are excellent at tempting you into thinking your problem will be well solved by the constraint solvers (it won't be, you idiot, why did you think that was a constraint problem?), two different kinds of arithmetic - one which works but is bad and one which mostly works on integers but clashes with the Prolog solver - and enough metaprogramming that you can build castles in the sky which are very hard to debug instead of real castles. But wait, there's more! Declarative context grammars let you add the fun of left-recursive parsing problems to all your tasks, while attributed variables allow the Prolog engine to break your code behind the scenes in new and interesting ways, plenty of special syntax not to be sneezed at (-->; [_|[]] {}\[]>>() \X^+() =.. #<==> atchoo (bless you)), a delightful deep-rooted schism between text as linked lists of character codes or text as linked lists of character atoms, and always the ISO-Standard-Sword of Damocles hanging over your head as you look at the vast array of slightly-incompatible implementations with no widely accepted CPython-like-dominant-default.
Somewhere hiding in there is a language with enough flexibility and metaprogramming to let your meat brain stretch as far as you want, enough cyborg attachments to augment you beyond plain human, enough spells and rituals to conjour tentacled seamonsters with excellent logic ability from the cold Atlantic deeps to intimidate your problem into submission.
Which you, dear programmer, can learn to wield up to the advanced level of a toddler in a machine shop in a mere couple of handfuls of long years! Expertise may take a few lifetimes longer - in the meantime have you noticed your code isn't pure, doesn't work in all modes, isn't performant in several modes, isn't using the preferred idiom style, is non-deterministic, can't be used to generate as well as test, falls into a left-recursive endless search after the first result, isn't compatible with other Prolog Systems, and your predicates are poorly named and you use the builtin database which is temptingly convenient but absolutely verboten? Plenty for you to be getting on with, back to the drawing boar...bikeshed with you.
And, cut! No, don't cut; OK, green cuts but not red cuts and I hope you aren't colourblind. Next up, coroutines, freeze, PEngines, and the second 90%.
Visit https://www.metalevel.at/prolog and marvel as a master deftly disecting problems, in the same way you marvel at Peter Norvig's Pytudes https://github.com/norvig/pytudes , and sob as the wonders turn to clay in your ordinary hands. Luckily it has a squeaky little brute force searcher, dutifully headbutting every wall as it explores all the corners of your problem on its eventual way to an answer, which you can always rely on. And with that it's almost like any other high level mostly-interpreted dynamic programming / scripting language.
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ELI5 the difference between logic, machine learning, and artificial intelligence?
There is also AI that isn't machine learning. One could use formal logic to state rules and facts about the world and infer things from that. This sounds attractive but the main issue is that you need to build and maintain all of this knowledge. Most oldschool AI falls into this category. There's also fun programming languages like Prolog that are deep into this school: https://www.metalevel.at/prolog
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Why did Prolog lose steam? (2010)
There's a nice book[1][2] about Prolog, with modern characteristics. Moreover, there are things like ProbLog[3] and DeepProbLog[4] that allow you to use probabilistic reasoning and power of machine learning. I am personally looking forward for Scryer Prolog[5] to achieve its goals.
[1] https://www.metalevel.at/prolog
[2] https://github.com/triska/the-power-of-prolog
[3] https://github.com/ML-KULeuven/problog
[4] https://github.com/ML-KULeuven/deepproblog
[5] https://github.com/mthom/scryer-prolog
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`tar` creator/extractor in ~100 lines of Prolog
I had the same troubles until I encountered Markus Triska's modern perspective on revitalizing Prolog: https://www.metalevel.at/prolog.
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Prolog at Work
The Power of Prolog [0] is a fantastic blog/video series covering everything from basic syntax, theoretical basis, modern features and idiomatic constructs.
I highly recommend it if you want to get the gist of Prolog and its modern features.
If you want a tour of Prolog, you can watch the video with that name [1].
[0]: https://www.metalevel.at/prolog
[1]: https://youtu.be/8XUutFBbUrg
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Aspects of Production/Professional Prolog
I've gone through The Art of Prolog, most of The Power of Prolog, and a good chunk of the P-99 problems, and I have to say I'm simultaneously fascinated by and sceptical of Prolog. For some problem domains, implicit search is a very desirable property, and I can definitely see Prolog shining in that case. There are also many desirable properties and possibilities that are often reiterated, but concrete examples of how they would work are often missing. It comes down to: how does "production Prolog" look? A talk on Strange Loop by Michael Hendricks on exactly that topic was really helpful (especially w.r.t. some useful tools and libraries: func and yall are really great, and I still need to check mavis), but it still leaves me wondering on a couple of things.
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How to best approach learning prolog?
Pretty much every Prolog book is quite good, but if you have the money or a local library with a copy, I really like Programming in Prolog by Clocksin, or Art of Prolog by Stering and Shapiro. If you want to follow a web resource, the standard suggestion is Markus Triska's The Power of Prolog.
- Prolog的力量 (The Power of Prolog)
racket
- Racket Language
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Racket–the Language-Oriented Programming Language–version 8.12 is now available
Racket—the Language-Oriented Programming Language—version 8.12 is now available from https://racket-lang.org
See https://racket.discourse.group/t/racket-v8-12-is-now-availab... for the release announcement and highlights.
Thank you to the many people who contributed to this release!
Feedback Welcome
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Racket version 8.11.1 is now available
Racket version 8.11.1 is now available from https://racket-lang.org/
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Ask HN: Does anyone Lisp without Emacs?
Racket (https://racket-lang.org) has an IDE (DrRacket) which isn't EMACS. ARC (which powers hacker news) is (was?) written in Racket.
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Douglas Crockford, author of ‘Javascript: the good parts’ and ‘How Javascript works’ will be giving the keynote presentation From Here To Lambda And Back Again at the thirteenth RacketCon.
Nice! Repeating a comment I just made on HN: I signed up for RacketCon, will be joining remotely. I am looking forward to it a lot. Usually I use the Racket language perhaps for 10% of my personal projects, but I am currently writing a Racket AI book, so all things Racket are of current interest. Past RacketCons have been a lot of fun. I usually use Common Lisp, but Racket is batteries included Scheme, and more, and is a very pleasant language and ecosystem. Just in case you don’t have Racket installed: https://racket-lang.org/
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Douglas Crockford to Keynote 'From Here to Lambda and Back Again' at Racke
I signed up for RacketCon, joining remotely. I am looking forward to it a lot. Usually I use the Racket language perhaps for 10% of my personal projects, but I am currently writing a Racket AI book, so all things Racket are of current interest.
Past RacketCons have been a lot of fun.
I usually use Common Lisp, but Racket is batteries included Scheme, and more, and is a very pleasant language and ecosystem. Just in case you don’t have Racket installed: https://racket-lang.org/
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Ask HN: What is the most suitable Scheme implementation to learn today?
I'd suggest Racket (https://racket-lang.org) which is a batteries-included language environment that includes scheme and has a lot of high-quality documentation.
Guile (https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/) isn't quite as learner-focused but is another great choice.
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What Programming Languages are Best for Kids?
How did I get to the bottom of the page and not ONE person has recommended racket?
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Setting up a Scheme coding environment in VS code?
The Racket fork of CS supports Apple Silicon natively, and can be installed independently: https://github.com/racket/racket/blob/master/racket/src/ChezScheme/BUILDING Chez adds a few features (threads, ffi, ...) to R6RS; there is a useful combined index to TSPL4 and the CS User Guide at http://cisco.github.io/ChezScheme/csug9.5/csug_1.html
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Is SICP an overkill for a 14 year old?
If you're using SICP in Scheme (or are you doing the JS version?) then you may want to look at How to Design Programs. It uses Racket which is a Scheme descendent so much of the language you've learned in SICP will work in it without issue. It also has a pretty good set of GUI and drawing capabilities you can find through the Racket docs page and will use some of with HTDP.
What are some alternatives?
pyswip - PySwip is a Python - SWI-Prolog bridge enabling to query SWI-Prolog in your Python programs. It features an (incomplete) SWI-Prolog foreign language interface, a utility class that makes it easy querying with Prolog and also a Pythonic interface.
Visual Studio Code - Visual Studio Code
swipl-wasm - Run SWI-Prolog in your browser using WebAssemply
clojure - The Clojure programming language
guile-log
nannou - A Creative Coding Framework for Rust.
erlog - Prolog interpreter in and for Erlang
antlr-tsql
logtalk3 - Logtalk - declarative object-oriented logic programming language
babashka - Native, fast starting Clojure interpreter for scripting
swipl-devel - SWI-Prolog Main development repository
coalton - Coalton is an efficient, statically typed functional programming language that supercharges Common Lisp.