tamago
dafny
tamago | dafny | |
---|---|---|
13 | 32 | |
1,278 | 2,786 | |
1.0% | 4.4% | |
8.3 | 9.7 | |
8 days ago | about 17 hours ago | |
Go | C# | |
BSD 3-clause "New" or "Revised" License | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
tamago
- Gokrazy – Go Appliances
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OS in Go? Why Not
There's two major production-ready Go-based operating system(-ish) projects:
- Google's gVisor[1] (a re-implementation of a significant subset of the Linux syscall ABI for isolation, also mentioned in the article)
- USBArmory's Tamago[2] (a single-threaded bare-metal Go runtime for SOCs)
Both of these are security-focused with a clear trade off: sacrifice some performance for memory safe and excellent readability (and auditability). I feel like that's the sweet spot for low-level Go - projects that need memory safety but would rather trade some performance for simplicity.
[1]: https://github.com/google/gvisor
[2]: https://github.com/usbarmory/tamago
- Does Go work well as a systems language?
- Koji vam je sitan bug najviše ostao upamćen?
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Rust 2024 the Year of Everywhere?
Of course it can, there are companies shipping products written in bare metal Go.
https://www.withsecure.com/en/solutions/innovative-security-...
https://github.com/usbarmory/tamago
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Embedded Go finally got the first binary release
For comparison, what are the differences in goals and approach with Tamago? https://github.com/usbarmory/tamago
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Taking a deep dive into C++ gave me more appreciation for Go's simplicity
I've been keeping an eye on TinyGo (Go compiler that targets microcontrollers and uses LLVM) and also TamaGo (allows you to run Go on bare metal, without any C dependency).
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A native Go userland for your Raspberry Pi 3 or 4 appliances
If you want to go deeper, there is also bare-metal Go runtime for rpi (among others): https://github.com/f-secure-foundry/tamago
- TamaGo – bare metal Go for ARM SoCs
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ISO C became unusable for operating systems development
> just proves your lack of knowledge
Tone is not needed.
For TamaGo, it seems to allow developers run their application, not build an OS on the hardware. But I have not played with it, you are right.
> TamaGo is a framework that enables compilation and execution of unencumbered Go applications on bare metal
The environment does not seem to allow building a generic operating system [1]. F-Secure ported the runtime itself to boot natively. But please correct me.
> There is no thread support
The environment you run in is specifically curated for Go applications, such as the memory layout. I'd call this an "appliance" rather than enabling Go to be used for full-fledged generic operating system implementations.
[1] https://github.com/f-secure-foundry/tamago/wiki/Internals
dafny
-
Verified Rust for low-level systems code
For those that are interested but perhaps not aware in this similar project, Dafny is a "verification-aware programming language" that can compile to rust: https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny
- Dafny is a verification-aware programming language
- Candy – a minimalistic functional programming language
- Dafny – a verification-aware programming language
-
Lean4 helped Terence Tao discover a small bug in his recent paper
Code correctness is a lost art. I requirement to think in abstractions is what scares a lot of devs to avoid it. The higher abstraction language (formal specs) focus on a dedicated language to describe code, whereas lower abstractions (code contracts) basically replace validation logic with a better model.
C# once had Code Contracts[1]; a simple yet powerful way to make formal specifications. The contracts was checked at compile time using the Z3 SMT solver[2]. It was unfortunately deprecated after a few years[3] and once removed from the .NET Runtime it was declared dead.
The closest thing C# now have is probably Dafny[4] while the C# dev guys still try to figure out how to implement it directly in the language[5].
[1] https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/code-contra...
[2] https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3
[3] https://github.com/microsoft/CodeContracts
[4] https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny
[5] https://github.com/dotnet/csharplang/issues/105
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The Deep Link Equating Math Proofs and Computer Programs
I don't think something that specific exists. There are a very large number of formal methods tools, each with different specialties / domains.
For verification with proof assistants, [Software Foundations](https://softwarefoundations.cis.upenn.edu/) and [Concrete Semantics](http://concrete-semantics.org/) are both solid.
For verification via model checking, you can check out [Learn TLA+](https://learntla.com/), and the more theoretical [Specifying Systems](https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/book-02-08-08.pdf).
For more theory, check out [Formal Reasoning About Programs](http://adam.chlipala.net/frap/).
And for general projects look at [F*](https://www.fstar-lang.org/) and [Dafny](https://dafny.org/).
- Dafny
- The Dafny Programming and Verification Language
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In Which I Claim Rich Hickey Is Wrong
Dafny and Whiley are two examples with explicit verification support. Idris and other dependently typed languages should all be rich enough to express the required predicate but might not necessarily be able to accept a reasonable implementation as proof. Isabelle, Lean, Coq, and other theorem provers definitely can express the capability but aren't going to churn out much in the way of executable programs; they're more useful to guide an implementation in a more practical functional language but then the proof is separated from the implementation, and you could also use tools like TLA+.
https://dafny.org/
https://whiley.org/
https://www.idris-lang.org/
https://isabelle.in.tum.de/
https://leanprover.github.io/
https://coq.inria.fr/
http://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/tla.html
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Programming Languages Going Above and Beyond
> I think we can assume it won't be as efficient has hand written code
Actually, surprisingly, not necessarily the case!
If you'll refer to the discussion in https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny/issues/601 and in https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny/issues/547, Dafny can statically prove that certain compiler branches are not possible and will never be taken (such as out-of-bounds on index access, logical assumptions about whether a value is greater than or less than some other value, etc). This lets you code in the assumptions (__assume in C++ or unreachable_unchecked() under rust) that will allow the compiler to optimize the codegen using this information.
What are some alternatives?
nerves - Craft and deploy bulletproof embedded software in Elixir
tlaplus - TLC is a model checker for specifications written in TLA+. The TLA+Toolbox is an IDE for TLA+.
gokrazy - turn your Go program(s) into an appliance running on the Raspberry Pi 3, Pi 4, Pi Zero 2 W, or amd64 PCs!
FStar - A Proof-oriented Programming Language
checkedc - Checked C is an extension to C that lets programmers write C code that is guaranteed by the compiler to be type-safe. The goal is to let people easily make their existing C code type-safe and eliminate entire classes of errors. Checked C does not address use-after-free errors. This repo has a wiki for Checked C, sample code, the specification, and test code.
rust - Rust for the xtensa architecture. Built in targets for the ESP32 and ESP8266
usbarmory - USB armory - The open source compact secure computer
koka - Koka language compiler and interpreter
go - The Go programming language with support for bare-matal programing
Rust-for-Linux - Adding support for the Rust language to the Linux kernel.
linux - Linux kernel source tree
interactive - .NET Interactive combines the power of .NET with many other languages to create notebooks, REPLs, and embedded coding experiences. Share code, explore data, write, and learn across your apps in ways you couldn't before.