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htmlwg
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A Programmable Markup Language for Typesetting [pdf]
HTML the markup language was clearly intended as an SGML vocabulary - TBL himself said as much [1] and HTML also reused element names from the SGML spec/handbook as example/folklore vocabulary such as for paragraphs and headings.
What browsers made out of it isn't the matter here, but even if it were, the "practical, real-world HTML out there" argument is mostly used to pull up the ladder by an ad company/browser cartel made worse day-in day-out through an atrocious and absurdly voluminous HTML spec (and by CSS, of course).
Even though Ian Hickson, of WHATWG, wanted to capture HTML as it was understood by browsers, he couldn't help but added additional elements of his own - such as for marking up ads as "aside" lol plus the alien sectioning elements concepts that gave rise to the flawed "outline algorithm" and misuse of heading elements (and earlier failure to understand SGML's RANK feature), a problem that was only fixed last year [2].
In practice, very few changes to the HTML syntax brought HTML outside SGML - for the most part, ad-hoc and basically unnecessary commenting rules for the script and styles element to keep legacy browsers from rendering JavaScript and CSS, resp., when those where introduced.
[1]: http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/MarkUp.html
[2]: https://github.com/w3c/htmlwg/issues/22
WebKit
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A Programmable Markup Language for Typesetting [pdf]
Thanks. Yes, rendering and shaping are distinct but some of the linked libraries did one, the other, or both and the parent commenter singled out rastering which is how I ended up putting FreeType and HarfBuzz in the same sentence. Even then both are commonly used in tandem (see [1]-[9]) and have a few overlapping functionalities.
> it does support BiDi, complex script shaping
Hey, that is indeed quite good. Would you mind if I ask you how well is the support for popular Asian languages?
> linking C and Rust in WASM is unfortunately not really possible
Damn. I am not very experienced in Rust but I would not have guessed that. I apologize if I misrepresented difficulties related to targeting WASM.
[1] https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/WebKit/tree/WebKi...
[2] https://github.com/apple-oss-distributions/WebKit/tree/WebKi...
[3] https://github.com/chromium/chromium/tree/main/third_party/f...
[4] https://github.com/chromium/chromium/tree/main/third_party/h...
[5] https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/modules/freetyp...
[6] https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/gfx/harfbuzz
[7] https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/maste...
[8] https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/maste...
[9] https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=...
What are some alternatives?
hayagriva - Rusty bibliography management.
fontdue - The fastest font renderer in the world, written in pure rust.
harfbuzz - HarfBuzz text shaping engine
pixglyph - OpenType glyph rendering.
ab-glyph - Rust API for loading, scaling, positioning and rasterizing OpenType font glyphs
font-rs