gvisor
kata-containers
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gvisor | kata-containers | |
---|---|---|
64 | 11 | |
15,066 | 4,877 | |
2.8% | 4.3% | |
9.9 | 10.0 | |
6 days ago | 2 days ago | |
Go | Rust | |
Apache License 2.0 | Apache License 2.0 |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
gvisor
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Maestro: A Linux-compatible kernel in Rust
Isn't gVisor kind of this as well?
"gVisor is an application kernel for containers. It limits the host kernel surface accessible to the application while still giving the application access to all the features it expects. Unlike most kernels, gVisor does not assume or require a fixed set of physical resources; instead, it leverages existing host kernel functionality and runs as a normal process. In other words, gVisor implements Linux by way of Linux."
https://github.com/google/gvisor
- Google/Gvisor: Application Kernel for Containers
- GVisor: OCI Runtime with Application Kernel
- How to Escape a Container
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Faster Filesystem Access with Directfs
This sort of feels like seeing someone riding a bike and saying: why don’t they just get a car? The simple fact is that containers and VMs are quite different. Whether something uses VMX and friends or not is also a red herring, as gVisor also “rolls it own VMM” [1].
[1] https://github.com/google/gvisor/tree/master/pkg/sentry/plat...
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OS in Go? Why Not
There's two major production-ready Go-based operating system(-ish) projects:
- Google's gVisor[1] (a re-implementation of a significant subset of the Linux syscall ABI for isolation, also mentioned in the article)
- USBArmory's Tamago[2] (a single-threaded bare-metal Go runtime for SOCs)
Both of these are security-focused with a clear trade off: sacrifice some performance for memory safe and excellent readability (and auditability). I feel like that's the sweet spot for low-level Go - projects that need memory safety but would rather trade some performance for simplicity.
[1]: https://github.com/google/gvisor
[2]: https://github.com/usbarmory/tamago
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Tunwg: Expose your Go HTTP servers online with end to end TLS
It uses gVisor to create a TCP/IP stack in userspace, and starts a wireguard interface on it, which the HTTP server from http.Serve listens on. The library will print a URL after startup, where you can access your server. You can create multiple listeners in one binary.
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How does go playground work?
The playground compiles the program with GOOS=linux, GOARCH=amd64 and runs the program with gVisor. Detailed documentation is available at the gVisor site.
- Searchable Linux Syscall Table for x86 and x86_64
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Multi-tenancy in Kubernetes
You could use a container sandbox like gVisor, light virtual machines as containers (Kata containers, firecracker + containerd) or full virtual machines (virtlet as a CRI).
kata-containers
- Maestro: A Linux-compatible kernel in Rust
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Fly Kubernetes
Seems like Fly.io Machines are trying reimplement Kata Containers with the Firecracker backend [0].
Kata has a guest image and guest agent to run multiple isolated containers [1].
[0] https://katacontainers.io/
[1] https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/main...
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Kata Containers: Virtual Machines (VMs) that feel and perform like containers
> Last time I looked (a few months ago), the documentation was pretty sparse or outdated.
It still is, though it works somewhat seamlessly when installing with https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/main...
Though only one of the hypervisors works well.
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Method to block possible internet traffic from LLaMA on MacOS
Better to use a secure VM, can even get container-like VMs with kata-containers
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Kata Containers vs gVisor?
As I understand,Kata Containers
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Firecracker MicroVMs
Kubernetes using Kata containers as a containerd backend
https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/main...
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Container security best practices: Ultimate guide
My home k8s cluster is now "locked down" using micro-vms (kata-containers[0]), pod level firewalling (cilium[1]), permission-limited container users, and mostly immutable environments. Given how quickly I rolled this out; the tools to enhance cluster environment security seem more accessible now than my previous research a few years ago.
I know it's not exactly a production setup, but I really do feel that it's the most secure runtime environment I've ever had accessible at home. Probably more so than my desktops, which you could argue undermines most of my effort, but I like to think I'm pretty careful.
In the beginning I was very skeptical, but being able to just build a docker/OCI image and then manage its relationships with other services with "one pane of glass" that I can commit to git is so much simpler to me than my previous workflows. My previous setup involved messing with a bunch of tools like packer, cloud-init, terraform, ansible, libvirt, whatever firewall frontend was on the OS, and occasionally sshing in for anything not covered.
[0] https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers
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Docker Without Docker
I'm really impressed by fly.io, and the candidness with which they share some of their really awesome technology. Being container-first is the next step for PaaS IMO and they are ahead of the pack.
I aim to build a platform like theirs someday (probably not any time soon) but I don't think I'd do any of what they're doing -- it feels unnecessary. Bear with me as I recently learned that they use nomad[0] and some of these suggestions are kubernetes projects but I'd love to hear why the following technologies were decided against (if they were):
- kata-containers[1] (it does the whole container -> VM flow for you, automatically, nemu, firecracker) with multiple VMM options[2]
- linuxkit[3] (let's say you didn't go with kata-containers, this is another container->VM path)
- firecracker-containerd[4] (very minimal keep-your-container-but-run-it-as-a-VM)
- kubevirt[5] (if you just want to actually run VMs, regardless of how you built them)
- Ceph[6] for storage -- make LVM pools and just give them to Ceph, you'll get blocks, distributed filesystems (CephFS), and object gateways (S3/Swift) out of it (in the k8s space Rook manages this)
As an aside to all this, there's also LXD, which supports running "system" (user namespace isolated) containers, VMs (somewhat recent[7][8]), live migration via criu[9], management/migration of underlying filesystems, runs on LVM or zfs[10], it's basically all-in-one, but does fall behind in terms of ecosystem since everyone else is aboard the "cloud native"/"works-with-kubernetes" train.
I've basically how I plan to run a service like fly.io if I ever did -- so maybe my secret is out, but I sure would like to know just how much of this fly.io got built on (if any of it), and/or what was turned down.
[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26745514
[1]: https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers
[2]: https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers/blob/2fc7...
[3]: https://github.com/linuxkit/linuxkit
[4]: https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker-container...
[5]: https://github.com/kubevirt/kubevirt
[6]: https://docs.ceph.com/
[7]: https://discuss.linuxcontainers.org/t/running-virtual-machin...
[8]: https://github.com/lxc/lxd/issues/6205
[9]: https://criu.org/Main_Page
[10]: https://linuxcontainers.org/lxd/docs/master/storage
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Checking Your --privileged Container
Kata Containers https://github.com/kata-containers/kata-containers
What are some alternatives?
firecracker - Secure and fast microVMs for serverless computing.
firecracker-containerd - firecracker-containerd enables containerd to manage containers as Firecracker microVMs
podman - Podman: A tool for managing OCI containers and pods.
kubevirt - Kubernetes Virtualization API and runtime in order to define and manage virtual machines.
wsl-vpnkit - Provides network connectivity to WSL 2 when blocked by VPN
lxd - Powerful system container and virtual machine manager [Moved to: https://github.com/canonical/lxd]
sysbox - An open-source, next-generation "runc" that empowers rootless containers to run workloads such as Systemd, Docker, Kubernetes, just like VMs.
containerd - An open and reliable container runtime
ignite - Ignite a Firecracker microVM
KubeArmor - Runtime Security Enforcement System. Workload hardening/sandboxing and implementing least-permissive policies made easy leveraging LSMs (BPF-LSM, AppArmor).
cloud-hypervisor - A Virtual Machine Monitor for modern Cloud workloads. Features include CPU, memory and device hotplug, support for running Windows and Linux guests, device offload with vhost-user and a minimal compact footprint. Written in Rust with a strong focus on security.