cni
cfssl
cni | cfssl | |
---|---|---|
13 | 24 | |
5,307 | 8,473 | |
0.6% | 0.8% | |
7.7 | 7.5 | |
12 days ago | 5 days ago | |
Go | Go | |
Apache License 2.0 | BSD 2-clause "Simplified" License |
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cni
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Kubernetes Architecture
The CNI is language-agnostic and there are many different plugins available.
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Creating Kubernetes Cluster With CRI-O
Read more about the architecture of CRI-O here. The networking of the pod is set up through CNI, and CRI-O can be used with any CNI plugin.
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Kubernetes traffic discovery
In generic Kubernetes network policies, there is no action field. The Calico CNI plugin (Kubernetes network plugin that implements the Container Network Interface) provides this functionality, and in particular provides logging even for allowed traffic. And this worked when we tried it in our test clusters and in our own back end.
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Docker Container to get IP by external DHCP
There is a CNI spec: https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/main/SPEC.md which allows for custom network plugins. Thats how AWS/EKS nodes are able to assign VPC routable IPs to containers running on them.
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Minikube now supports rootless podman driver for running Kubernetes
um, they aren't missing anything (but see below). they are k8s.
so if you want to get the genuine original mainline experience you go to the project's github repo, they have releases, and mention that the detailed changelog has links to the binaries. yeey. (https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGEL... .. the client is the kubectl binary, the server has the control plane components the node binaries have the worker node stuff), you then have the option to set those up according to the documentation (generate TLS certs, specify the IP address range for pods (containers), install dependencies like etcd, and a CNI compatible container network layer provider -- if you have setup overlay networking eg. VXLAN or geneve or something fancy with openvswitch's OVN -- then the reference CNI plugin is probably sufficient)
at the end of this process you'll have the REST API (kube-apiserver) up and running and you can start submitting jobs (that will be persisted into etcd, eventually picked up by the scheduler control loop that calculates what should run where and persists it back to etcd, then a control loop on a particular worker will notice that something new is assigned to it, and it'll do the thing, allocate a pod, call CNI to allocate IP, etc.)
of course if you don't want to do all this by hand you can use a distribution that helps you with setup.
microk8s is a low-memory low-IO k8s distro by Canonical (Ubuntu folks) and they run dqlite (distributed sqlite) instead of etcd (to lower I/O and memory requirements), many people don't like it because it uses snaps
k3s is started by Rancher folks (and mostly still developed by them?),
there's k0s (for bare metal ... I have no idea what that means though), kind (kubernetes in docker), there's also k3d (k3s in docker)
these distributions work by consuming/wrapping the k8s components as go libraries - https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/staging...
...
then there's the whole zoo of various k8s plugins/addons/tools for networking (CNI - https://github.com/containernetworking/cni#3rd-party-plugins), storage (CSI - https://kubernetes-csi.github.io/docs/drivers.html), helm for package management, a ton of security-related things that try to spot errors in all this circus ... and so on.
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How to install Weave's Ignite for Firecracker VMs with simple script
#! /usr/bin/bash # Update apt-get repository and install dependencies apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends dmsetup openssh-client git binutils # Install containerd if it's not present -- prevents breaking docker-ce installations which containerd || apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends containerd # Installing CNI # Current version from https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/releases export CNI_VERSION=v1.0.1 ARCH=$([ "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64" ] && echo amd64 || echo arm64) export ARCH sudo mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin curl -sSL "https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/${CNI_VERSION}/cni-plugins-linux-${ARCH}-${CNI_VERSION}.tgz" | sudo tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin # Installing Ignite # Get the current version from https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite/releases export VERSION=v0.10.0 GOARCH=$(go env GOARCH 2>/dev/null || echo "amd64") export GOARCH for binary in ignite ignited; do echo "Installing ${binary}..." curl -sfLo ${binary} "https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite/releases/download/${VERSION}/${binary}-${GOARCH}" chmod +x ${binary} sudo mv ${binary} /usr/local/bin done # Check if the installation was successful ignite version
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Solving Four Kubernetes Networking Challenges
The Container Network Interface (CNI) includes a specification for writing network plugins to configure network interfaces. This allows you to create overlay networks that satisfy Pod-to-Pod communication requirements.
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k8s-the-hard-way
In this lab you will bootstrap three Kubernetes worker nodes. The following components will be installed on each node: runc, container networking plugins, containerd, kubelet, and kube-proxy.
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Kubernetes Network Policies: A Practitioner's Guide
CNI type plugins follow the Container Network Interface spec and are used by the community to create advanced featured plugins. On the other hand, Kubenet utilizes bridge and host-local CNI plugins and has basic features.
- Release π CNI v1.0.1 π Β· containernetworking/cni
cfssl
- Running oneβs own root Certificate Authority in 2023
- Selfhosted CA tutorial
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i must be the only guy that understands certificates
cfssl is kinda outright better version of that.
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SSL certificate problem: unhandled critical extension
The Cloudflare SSL tools at https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl might help. Here's what it shows for one of the example Snake Oil certs:
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Private CA management
I've used this in the past and it worked great. https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl
- Linux Certificate Authority root stores have a too simple view of 'trust'
- Creating an internal Certificate Authority in 2022 that is accepted by modern web browsers.
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How to create users in Kubernetes
The first step is to create the source key that represents our user. This key is created using a tool like openssl but another popular tool to use is cfssl, created by Cloudflare. Some folks think cfssl is easier to use, and it definitely looks easier to script. But for this example we will use openssl. You can also choose to create the key using a number of different algorithms. For this example we will use ED25519.
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[Legal notice] IoT Core will be discontinued on Aug. 16, 2023
TLS/SSL worked well with client certificates generated by the CFSSL API.
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Feedback on a Self-signed SSL CA?
Not sure if relevant but we used tooling from CloudFlare in the past: https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl
What are some alternatives?
CoreDNS - CoreDNS is a DNS server that chains plugins
OpenSSL - TLS/SSL and crypto library
containerlab - container-based networking labs
easy-rsa - easy-rsa - Simple shell based CA utility
cri-api - Container Runtime Interface (CRI) β a plugin interface which enables kubelet to use a wide variety of container runtimes.
LetsEncrypt-PRTG - Post request script to install an SSL certificate obtained with Certify the Web or win-acme in PRTG.
containerd - An open and reliable container runtime
acme.sh - A pure Unix shell script implementing ACME client protocol
k8s-the-hard-way
certificates - π‘οΈ A private certificate authority (X.509 & SSH) & ACME server for secure automated certificate management, so you can use TLS everywhere & SSO for SSH.
virtual-kubelet - Virtual Kubelet is an open source Kubernetes kubelet implementation.
acme-dns - Limited DNS server with RESTful HTTP API to handle ACME DNS challenges easily and securely.