Arduino-USBMIDI VS TaskScheduler

But generally speaking MIDI and USB MIDI are based on fundamentally different communication protocols and always require a MCU to do the conversion. An Arduino Micro can do the job well and there are even Libraries with example code that does exactly this. See here: https://github.com/lathoub/Arduino-USBMIDI/blob/master/examples/MIDI_DIN2USB/MIDI_DIN2USB.ino

Option 3 - Arduino USB MIDI

hmm..yes you would have to code a little bit. But, cool learning experience? The examples are pretty good. This simple one: https://github.com/lathoub/Arduino-USBMIDI/blob/master/examples/Basic_IO/Basic_IO.ino shows part of the code that would replace the serial code in your original sketch. Note the library itself is handling the code that advertises the controller to Linux as a MIDI device. That's an important benefit.

When you get a little more advanced it's not hard to extend the BWD code to hsndle any number of "time when something should happen". Or you can use something like the TaskScheduler library.

Or just use TaskScheduler and never have to worry about this again. https://github.com/arkhipenko/TaskScheduler

For reference, I'm a big fan of this scheduler in particular, due to it's simplicity, OO support and a neat extra of sleeping each unused millisecond (low power for free).

One of my favourite low power techniques involves using a scheduller for your loop code, and sleep for 1 ms at a time when there are no tasks to run. As seen here.

Have you looked at the task scheduler library? https://github.com/arkhipenko/TaskScheduler