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Joplin
Joplin - the secure note taking and to-do app with synchronisation capabilities for Windows, macOS, Linux, Android and iOS.
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nb
CLI and local web plain text note‑taking, bookmarking, and archiving with linking, tagging, filtering, search, Git versioning & syncing, Pandoc conversion, + more, in a single portable script.
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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.
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CLI-Manager
Providing an easy and usefull Command Line Interface for managing tasks locally on the fly
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notes-cli
Small markdown note taking CLI app playing nicely with your favorite editor and other CLI tools
I've used Joplin in the past. It has a curses (ncurses, probably) terminal app; but it also cloud syncs your stuff. There are GUI based clients for desktop and mobile OSs so it's really the best of all worlds.
I'll mention nb. It's a very large program, written entirely in bash, and can be extended with plugins(written in a "Bash-compatible" language, as the author puts it), though it fufills all of your requirements out of the box, and even wraps git for version management. I don't currently use it, but it seems like it may be the right tool for the job.
There's no image handling unfortunately, but I hope it could meet your needs https://github.com/MikyStar/CLI-Manager
I'm very happy to recommend this: https://github.com/insanum/sncli