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This post will go through an example TODO app repo we’ve set up here: https://github.com/anvilco/anvil-ts-upgrade-example. This repo is in plain vanilla Javascript and runs on Node.js and uses Express. There are some basic tests included, but it’s as simple as can be. We will go through a few strategies that one can take when attempting to migrate to using TypeScript from Javascript.
After installing, we also need to set up a basic tsconfig.json file for how we want tsc to behave with our app. We will use one of the recommended tsconfig files here: https://github.com/tsconfig/bases#centralized-recommendations-for-tsconfig-bases. This contains a list of community recommended configs depending on your app type. We’re using Node 16 and want to be extremely strict on the first pass to clean up any bad code habits and enforce some consistency. We’ll use the one located: https://github.com/tsconfig/bases/blob/main/bases/node16-strictest.combined.json.
These error messages tell us how to fix the errors and also point to how parts of the typing system works in TypeScript. Packages can provide typing declarations (with the *.d.ts file extension). These are generated automatically through the tsc compiler. If you have a publicly accessible TypeScript app, you can also provide official typing declarations by submitting a pull request to the DefinitelyTyped repo: https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped.
Note that you will need to compile your app code every time your entry point needs to be updated. This can be done automatically as you develop with packages such as tsc-watch and nodemon.
The Javascript language has gone through many updates throughout its long (in internet terms) history. Along with its rapidly changing ecosystem and maturing developer base came attempts to ease some of Javascript’s shortcomings. Of note, one of the more significant attempts was CoffeeScript (initial release in 2009) which adds syntactic sugar and features that make programming easier.
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