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Think of it as a configuration file. In this case, "board_esp32_devkitc.h" is the configuration for the ESP32 DevKit-C Board. For this board, it is using the GPIO 27 as output. What if you need to build the system for this board and for a different board where the GPIO 27 is already in use or, not even has that GPIO? With a configuration file you just need to pass and argument to the build system and it will use the correct configuration. Without it you'll probably need to clutter you source files with "#ifdef", which would work, but would be worse to maintain, especially if you need to add a third or more boards.