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that would probably be the one with the fastest MCU, which - depending on details, but generally spoken, is probably one out of the STM32H7xx series. There's MicroPython stuff for this: https://github.com/mcauser/MCUDEV_DEVEBOX_H7XX_M (random Google hit, but the page also mentions cheap boards you can source with that MCU). Note that the H7 is a ... bit of a step from the Cortex M4 MCU and certainly from the M3 and M0. Not sure if you ever plan to go further to the metal than just flashing Micropython and working with that... It's got a multitude of peripherals, too - don't expect Micropython abstractions for all of them. But then it's a M7 running at 480MHz (some STM32H7xx even 550 MHz) max, which probably matches the only requirement you mention.