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InfluxDB
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This project seems to imply DejaVu Sans can be used on a 5-pixel-height display, although that's based on a very surface-level skim of the repo: https://github.com/rnauber/ESPHomeMatrixLED
I'd suggest that your best bet in general would be to look at any projects using these kinds of LED dot matrix marquee displays. I was able to find a lot of arduino tutorials with a google search, there's probably relevant code with some of those. Good luck!
OpenBSD's default console font Spleen has a 5x8 version which, which is fairly legible while still looking nice:
https://github.com/fcambus/spleen
Any smaller than that and you're getting into ugly territory.