us | ego | |
---|---|---|
2 | 1 | |
55 | 56 | |
- | - | |
1.5 | 4.0 | |
4 months ago | 3 months ago | |
Go | OCaml | |
MIT License | GNU General Public License v3.0 only |
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us
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Ask HN: What are some 'cool' but obscure data structures you know about?
It might be easier to think about it as a stack, rather than a tree. Each element of the stack represents a subtree -- a perfect binary tree. If you ever have two subtrees of height k, you merge them together into one subtree of height k+1. Your stack might already have another subtree of height k+1; if so, you repeat the process, until there's at most one subtree of each height.
This process is isomorphic to binary addition. Worked example: let's start with a single leaf, i.e. a subtree of height 0. Then we "add" another leaf; since we now have a pair of two equally-sized leaves, we merge them into one subtree of height 1. Then we add a third leaf; now this one doesn't have a sibling to merge with, so we just keep it. Now our "stack" contains two subtrees: one of height 1, and one of height 0.
Now the isomorphism: we start with the binary integer 1, i.e. a single bit at index 0. We add another 1 to it, and the 1s "merge" into a single 1 bit at index 1. Then we add another 1, resulting in two 1 bits at different indices: 11. If we add one more bit, we'll get 100; likewise, if we add another leaf to our BNT, we'll get a single subtree of height 2. Thus, the binary representation of the number of leaves "encodes" the structure of the BNT.
This isomorphism allows you to do some neat tricks, like calculating the size of a Merkle proof in 3 asm instructions. There's some code here if that helps: https://github.com/lukechampine/us/blob/master/merkle/stack....
You could also check out section 5.1 of the BLAKE3 paper: https://github.com/BLAKE3-team/BLAKE3-specs/blob/master/blak...
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My proposal to the Foundation: add first-class S3 provider support
This isn't what I'm asking for - I don't care if it's baked into us, exists as a backend for minio, uses PseudoKV https://github.com/lukechampine/us/issues/67, or whatever the case may be. I see no value in sending any third party my private data in an unencrypted form (uploading to your server, even if over HTTPS, you got my data).
ego
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Ask HN: What are some 'cool' but obscure data structures you know about?
Shameless plug, I also maintain an OCaml implementation of egraphs (named ego) at https://github.com/verse-lab/ego
While the most popular implementation at the moment seems to be egg in Rust, I find that OCaml serves as a much more ergonomic environment for quickly prototyping out uses of egraphs in practice. As a bonus, ego also shares the same logical interface as egg itself, so once you've finalised your designs, you shouldn't have much trouble porting them to egg if you need the performance gains.
What are some alternatives?
lnd - Lightning Network Daemon ⚡️
PSI - Private Set Intersection Cardinality protocol based on ECDH and Bloom Filters
swift - the multiparty transport protocol (aka "TCP with swarming" or "BitTorrent at the transport layer")
sdsl-lite - Succinct Data Structure Library 2.0
pvfmm - A parallel kernel-independent FMM library for particle and volume potentials
RVS_Generic_Swift_Toolbox - A Collection Of Various Swift Tools, Like Extensions and Utilities
gring - Golang circular linked list with array backend
Folly - An open-source C++ library developed and used at Facebook.
ctrie-java - Java implementation of a concurrent trie
multiversion-concurrency-control - Implementation of multiversion concurrency control, Raft, Left Right concurrency Hashmaps and a multi consumer multi producer Ringbuffer, concurrent and parallel load-balanced loops, parallel actors implementation in Main.java, Actor2.java and a parallel interpreter
stutter - Implement a Lisp, in C, from scratch, no libs
FusionCache - FusionCache is an easy to use, fast and robust cache with advanced resiliency features and an optional distributed 2nd level.