stm32-bootloader VS Arduino_Core_STM32

Here's a bootloader "library" that might be useful. You need to add your own code to get the actual firmware image from somewhere (UART, an SD card, or whatever), and then you just pass it off to the "library" for flashing.

Yes, unless you have something like an STM32 with a built-in bootloader. This can be used to update the regular bootloader. For example, this bootloader is capable of jumping to the built-in bootloader from software (as opposed to the "regular" method of pulling certain pins high or low at reset to cause the processor to run the built-in bootloader from ROM rather than the regular bootloader from flash).

There's nothing stopping Arduino releasing an STM32-based dev board - but they simply haven't yet, and there's stacks of stm32 boards around that you can add an Arduino support core for if you like.

https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32 look this

It shows this https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/archive/main.zip getting to 97% then skipping to the next unpacking, then it seems to fail thereafter.

You can program an STM32 MCU with Arduino, just add the community developed board definitions and HAL to the Arduino IDE.

If the mcu disables itself after it's one use you could program it via arduino to reset it or give it a new purpose. Reprogramming the chip will likely be the best use, those components are only a few cents it's more effort than it's worth to save them. Repurposing the board is what I'd try to do, weather that's via replacing the stm32 or reprogramming it is up to you.

I am using the stm32duino core for the Arduino Ide (https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32). My settings are the following:

(official Arduino HAL) STM32